Mutation

• Mutations


  Change in DNA base sequence occuring during replication
• Mutation occurs spontaneously, with increased frequency when exposed to mutagenic agents
• Mutation causes a different primary structure of amino acids, causing bonds to form in different locations, creating a different tertiary structure
• Mutation can cause cancers due to a change of function
• Addition Mutation


  Extra nucleotide in the base sequence

  • Causes a frame shift, changing the codons
• Deletion Mutation


  Removes a nucleotide from the base sequence

  • Causes a frame shift, changing the codon
• Substitution Mutation


  Swapping the bases causing replacement

  • Can generate the same or different amino acids, due to being degenerate
  • Doesn't effect if mutation occurs in Introns
• Inversion Mutation


  Section of bases detach, inverts and binds back to the strand

  • Changing the codons
• Duplication Mutation


  Bases are duplicated

  • Causes a frame shift, which changes the codon
• Translocation Mutation


  Section of bases detach and attach to a seperate chromosome