AP2

• what are parts of a cell called?

  organelles
• Where can The nuclues be found and what does it do?

  found in animal and plant cells, contains genetic information and controls the cell.
• where is the cyptoplasm and what does it do?

  both animal and plant cells. its where chemical reactions happen
• where cell membrane and what


  both animal and plant, controls what goes in and out of cell
• what mitochondria where


  both in animal and plant, where engery is releases during repiration
• what cell wall where

  plant, gives stucture and supports the cell
• cholorplasts


  found in only plants, absorbs sunlight for photosnthesis
• permanent vacuole


  only in plant cell, contains cell sap
• ribosomes


  both in animal and plant cells, makes proteins
• how are sperm cells adapted for their function?

  packed with mitochondria so that they can carry out respiration to release the enegery they need to swim towards the egg
• how are red blood cells adapted for their function?

  no nulcues so that they can carry out more oxygen to the cells, increases surface area
• what is the function of the immune system?

  protects the body against infections, involves white blood cells.
• what is the function of the reproductive system?


  produces sperm and eggs, its where babies develop.
• what is the function of the digestive system?

  To break down food and absorb food molecules
• what is the function of the circulatory system?

  transports blood and waste around the body
• what is the function of the respiratory system?

  replaces oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from blood
• what is the function of the nervous system?

  controls the body's responses to the environment using brain/ spinal cord
• what do enzymes do?

  proteins which help break down our food in digestion so we can use it in our body, speeds up chemical reactions
• carbohrydrase


  breaks down carbohdrates into glucose. Found in pancreas and small intestine
• amylase


  breaks down starch into glucose. Found in pancreas and small intestine
• protease


  breaks down proteins into amino acids. Found in stomach, pancreas and small intestine
• lipase


  breaks down lipids(fats) into glycerol. Found in pancreas and small intestine
• function of mouth


  allows food/water to enter it
• function of salivary glands


  release saliva which contains enzymes that helps break down food
• function of Oesophagus


  food travels down it, from ,mouth to stomach, like a pipe.
• function of stomach


  churns the food to break it down futher. The Hydrochloric acid kills harmful bacteria. Produces an enzyme to break down proteins
• function of liver


  releases enzymes to break down food into small intestine
• function of pancreas


  releases enzymes to break down food into the small intestine.
• function of small intestine

  absorbs minerals and nutrients back into blood stream
• function of large intestine

  absorbs water and stores water and poo until its releases from anus
• function of anus


  releases poo
• aim of amylase requires practical

  to see how the rate of amylase activity changes at differnet pHs.
• What are each of the variables in the amylase practical?

  independent- what you change-pH dependant-what you measure; time taken to digest starch. Control-what you keep the same; temperature
• what does iodine do?

  breaks down the starch into glucose, causing no colour change in the presence of iodine.
• what colour does iodine go if starch is still present?

  blue/balck
• what colour does iodine go if starch is no longer present?

  orange/yellow
• what is a risk factor?

  something that increases the chance of you developing a particular conditon
• what is a risk factor of type 2 diabetes?

  obesity
• what do microscopes do?

  magnify the image of a specimen so it appears larger, we can use this to study cells in finer detail
• why do you always start with the lowest power objective lens first?

  so you can see the greatest feild of veiw