Second Great Awakening/Social Reform Notes

• What does the term "antebellum" mean?

  Ante = before

  Bellum = war;

  Antebellum = Before war (civil war in this case)
• What are the five major reform movements of this time period?

  1. Penal / asylum
  2. Temperance
  3. Women's rights
  4. Abolition (anti-slavery)
  5. Education
• How do the beliefs of the Unitarians differ from the beliefs of the Puritans?

  Unitarians believed that people are naturally good; a more positive religion. Puritans believed that most people were going to Hell and that God was pissed at everyone
• According to a Unitarian, how does a person show love for God?

  By doing good for others
• Why did social reform movements occur mainly in the North?

  It challenges the way of life in the South
• What is meant by "social gospel?"

  Apply what you learn in church to daily life to better the world around you. More focus on Jesus
• What two religious groups see the greatest increase in membership?

  Baptists and Methodists
• What was the goal of the temperance movement?

  Undertook to eliminate social problems by curbing drinking
• Why are there drastic increases and decreases in alcohol consumption in the US?

  It depends on if there's war occurring or not
• What was the only state that had free public education in 1800?

  Massachusetts
• Why was there a call to increase the tax-funded education in America?

  Arguing that the new economic order needed educated workers
• Who was the leader of the education movement?

  Horace Mann (Secretary of Education in Mass.)
• What are some of the things he advocated?

  Minimum length school year, training of teachers, update curriculum to include history and geography
• How did the education movement impact women?

  Opportunities expanded; Oberlin College began accepting women in 1833. Mount Holyoke opened in 1837 as an all-female school
• What three places did the asylum movement focus on reforming?

  The criminal, the ill, the insane
• What changed about the goal of these asylums?

  Had originally focused on confinement, but shifted to reform of personal character
• Who was the major leader of the asylum reform movement?

  Dorothea Dix, a Boston school teacher
• What were some of the conditions she reported?

  Being chained, kept in cages and closets, beaten with rods
• What effect does she have on asylums in America?

  28 states maintained mental institutions instead