case studies paper 1 section c

• Banbury


  A historic market town in the south east of England
• Major cities within an hour's drive of Banbury

  • London
  • Birmingham
  • Oxford
• Importance of Banbury


  • Influential to trade since the medieval era
  • Many businesses and commuters are based here
• River Cherwell


  The river that passes through Banbury
• When the river flooded

  Easter 1998
• Facts about the 1998 flooding

  • 350 homes had to evacuate
  • £12.5 million in damages
  • 0 deaths
• Ways the local government is trying to reduce flood risk

  • Flood water storage
  • Raised roads
  • Embankments outside important businesses and houses
• Flood water storage capacity

  1200 olympic-sized swimming pools of flood water
• Cost of management strategies

  £18.5 million
• Consequences of river management

  • Social - Reduced stress, footpaths and parks for leisure
  • Economic - Construction jobs, high cost
  • Environmental - Soil dug up, habitats trampled, biodiversity plan improves habitats
• Lyme Regis


  A town in west Dorset, in the south west of England
• Lyme Regis coastline


  • Part of the Jurassic Coastline, which is a world heritage site
• Geology of Lyme Regis


  The cliffs are made from limestone and clay, making it prone to erosion
• Lyme Regis Environmental Improvement Scheme


  The scheme of management for Lyme Regis
• Lyme Regis Environmental Improvement Scheme

  1. Phase 1 (1990-1995): New sea wall, stabilise cliffs

  2. Phase 2 (2005-2007): Replenished beach, rock armour extended

  3. Phase 3: Cancelled - risks to Monmouth beach too great

  4. Phase 4 (2015-2017): Sea wall extended, cliffs stabilised and drained

  5. Phase 5 (future): Repair promenade and wall in the cobbs
• Source of material for beach replenishment

  Dredge from the English channel and sand imported from France
• River Tees


  River in the north-east of England
• Towns/cities the River Tees passes through

  • Darlington
  • Middlesbrough
• High Force waterfall


  Waterfall on the River Tees with a height of 21m
• Rocks that make up High Force waterfall

  • Igneous 'Winstone' Rock (High resistance)
  • Limestone (Low resistance)
• High Force waterfall is part of an 'outstanding beauty' nature reserve
• Landforms found at Darlington

  • Meanders
  • Flood plains
• Landforms found at Yarm

  • Ox-bow lake
  • Levees
• Visitors come to Yarm for river fishing, including fishing for trout, chub, and bream
• Swanage


  Town on the Dorset coast in the south west of England
• Geology types in Swanage

  • Sands and clays
  • Limestone
  • Chalk
• Coastline type in Swanage

  Discordant Coastline
• Bays along Swanage coast

  • Studland Bay
  • Swanage Bay
• Rock type of Studland Bay and Swanage Bay

  Sands and chalk
• Headlands along Swanage coast

  • Ballard Point (chalk)
  • Durlston Head (limestone)
• Stacks and stumps at Ballard Point


  Old Harry and his wife
• Poole Harbour


  Largest natural harbour in Europe
• Landforms at Poole Harbour

  • Estuary
  • Salt marshes
• Abrasion


  A form of erosion where loose material and sediment 'sandpapers' the walls and floors of the river and cliff
• Attrition


  Rocks banging against each other chipping away to make smaller, smoother rocks
• Backshore


  The upper beach closest to the land, including any cliffs or sand dunes
• Beach Nourishment


  The addition of sand and sediment to an eroding beach by humans. The new material will be eroded by the sea which saves the cliffs or sand dunes from erosion and recession
• Biological Weathering


  Rocks are broken apart by vegetation and roots, or chemical reactions from animal faeces erode the rock face
• Corrasion


  Where the weak acid in rainwater dissolves chemical compounds in the rock
• Drainage basin


  The area of land drained by a river and its tributaries