Physics

• Matter - anything that occupies space and has mass
• Matter is composed of atoms
• Mass is the quantity of matter contained in objects
• Kilogram is the scientific unit of mass
• Typically use the term weight when describing unit for mass
• Weight - force exerted on a body under influence of gravity
• Energy is the ability to do work
• Energy is Measured in Joules and electron volts
• Potential energy - stored energy; energy due to position
• kinetic energy - energy in motion ; moving objects
• chemical energy from chemical reaction
• electrical energy- movement of electrons
• thermal energy - energy from the vibration of molecules; heat
• nuclear energy- energy within an atom
• electromagnetic energy- energy electrical and magnetic fields
• electrical and electromagnetic energy from x-rays circuit produces electrons inside the x-ray tube.
• ionizing radiation - radiation capable of removing orbital electrons from an atom
• x-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation
• terrestrail raditation radionuclides deposited in earth
• radon- radioactive gas that is the largest source of natural environmental radiation
• Diagnostic x-rays are the largest man-made source of ionizing radiation
• There are 3 types of x-ray examinations: radiography , flouroscopy, and computed tomography
• ALARA - means As Low As Reasonably Achievable
• The 3 cardinal principles of radiation protection : Time, Distance, and Shielding
• Air Kerma ( Gya ) - unit of exposure
• Gray ( Gyt )- dose of absorbed radiation to a patient
• Sievert ( Sv )- radiation dose to workers
• Becquerel ( Bq ) - unit of radioactivity / radioactive material
• Roentgen gave us the fundamental properties of x-rays
• X-rays cannot be focused
• Over half of the amount of radiation the general public receives is background radiation
• Diagnostic medical and dental exposures account for 90% of the general public's exposure in human - made radiation
• NCRP ( National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements was established in 1964 by the U.S Congress
• Develop basic concepts about radiation protection and measurements and to develop application of the concepts
• Atomic Energy Commission ( AEC) control the production of nuclear power and use of some radioactive materials
• Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) responsible for the environmental radiologic health
• Erythema - amount of radiation required to turn the skin red
• SI system of measurements : radiation in Air - Air Kerma; Absorbed Dose - Gray ; Effective Dose - Sievert ; Radioactivity - Becquerel
• Occupational worker-whole body ; 50 mSv ( milliSievert )
• Occupational worker-cumulative ; 10mSv x age ( years )