Coasts

• 1. Erode: Wear away or break down material, like soil or rock, typically due to natural forces like water or wind.

  2. Transport: Move something from one place to another, often referring to the movement of sediment or other materials by natural processes like rivers or glaciers.

  3. Deposit: Lay down or drop sediment or other material, usually as a result of erosion or transportation processes.

  4. Longshore Drift: Movement of sediment along a coast caused by waves approaching the shore at an angle, resulting in the sediment being carried along the shoreline.
• 1. Beach: Sandy or pebbly shore by the sea.

  2. Bay: Water partly enclosed by land.

  3. Headland: Prominent coastal land projection.

  4. Cave: Hollow space within a rock.

  5. Arch: Curved rock formation by erosion.

  6. Stack: Tall isolated pillar of rock.

  7. Stum: Remnant of a eroded feature.

  8. Wave-cut Platform: Flat rock base by the sea.

  9. Spit: Narrow land strip into the sea.

  10. Salt Marsh: Coastal wetland with saline water.
• What the coast is and what causes waves.

  The coast is where land meets the sea, characterised by beaches, cliffs, and other features shaped by the action of waves, tides, and currents. Waves are primarily caused by the wind blowing across the surface of the ocean, transferring energy to the water and creating the rhythmic movement observed near shorelines.
• Coastal processes 

  Coastal processes refer to the natural forces and interactions that shape and modify coastlines over time. These processes include erosion, sediment transport, deposition, wave action, tides, currents, and the influence of weather patterns.
• The different ways the sea erodes the coast

  The sea erodes the coast through processes like hydraulic action (the force of waves), abrasion (wearing away by sediment), attrition (particles colliding), and solution (chemical breakdown).
• How the sea transports material by longshore drift and then deposits it

  The sea transports material along the coast through longshore drift, where waves approach at an angle and move sediment parallel to the shoreline. This material is then deposited when wave energy decreases, forming features like beaches and spits.
• How the sea creates landforms by erosion (wave-cut platform, headlands, bays, cave, arch, stack, stump)

  The sea shapes landforms through erosion, creating features like wave-cut platforms, flat rocky areas; headlands, protruding coastal formations; bays, curved indentations; caves, hollow spaces; arches, openings; stacks, isolated pillars; and stumps, remnants of erosion.
• How the sea creates landforms by deposition (beach, spit, salt marsh)

  The sea deposits sediment to form landforms like beaches by gradually building up sand and pebbles along shorelines. Spits form when sediment accumulates, extending from the coast. Salt marshes develop in low-lying areas where sediment settles, creating wetland habitats with saline water.
• The different ways we use the coast

  We use the coast for various purposes, including recreation (beachgoing, swimming), tourism (coastal resorts, sightseeing), fishing (commercial, recreational), transportation (ports, harbors), commerce (shipping, trade), and conservation (protected areas, wildlife habitats).
• How the Norfolk coast in the UK is threatened by the sea:  The causes of erosion and flooding, the impacts and protection (Happisburgh)

  The Norfolk coast faces threats from erosion and flooding due to factors like rising sea levels, storm surges, and coastal erosion. This impacts communities like Happisburgh, causing property damage and loss of land. Protection measures include seawalls, groynes, and managed retreat strategies.
• How the coast can be protected, the advantages and problems of protecting the coast from erosion  

  The coast can be protected from erosion through measures like seawalls, beach nourishment, and managed retreat. Advantages include safeguarding property and infrastructure, preserving ecosystems, and supporting tourism. However, challenges include high costs, potential environmental impacts, and the need for ongoing maintenance.