northwood vs jakarta

• Jakarta


  capital of indonesia

  population of 10million

  wealthiest 10% control nearly 30% of household income

  poorest 10% control 3.4%

  just over 24% of jakarta's inhabitants live in slums but many others live in settlements that AC's would call slums
• jakarta - social and economic conditions


  demand for affordable housing exceeds supply = living in slums

  neither government or private sector has resources to cope with demand and people themselves lack resources to afford formal housing

  employment in both informal and formal sectors is very insecure

  high rates of self-employment with families running small businesses such as selling food or second hand goods

  garment industry with many small scale producers operating in and around slum areas however little protection for those employed and few health and safety precautions
• jembatan besi slum - jakarta


  4km northwest of city centre

  population of 4000

  average income = US $4 per day but for many this isn't a regular income
• jakarta - social and economic conditions (health)

  sanitation hardly exists in slum

  few homes have toilets and toilets that do exist are poorly built and run for profit by local businesses

  toilets tend to flush into open sewers in the street

  no clean running water

  groundwater supplies available but are polluted as slum is built on former waste tip

  epidemics of water-borne diseases are common and climate means malaria is an issue

  young and elderly are at risk from dehydration due to diarrhoea caused by poor hygiene
• jakarta - social and economic conditions (air pollution)


  very high levels of air pollution due to use of kerosene for cooking and high levels of emissions from the city
• jakarta - social and economic conditions (education)

  schools exist but are poorly equipped

  many families don't allow children to go to school and complete formal education as they need them to earn money to supplement the family income

  garment industry is major employer of young females
• jakarta - housing conditions

  slum is one of most densely populated areas in indonesia

  homes consist of relatively well built ground floor of timber / brick but pressures on space have led to extra stories being added that are increasingly makeshift

  residents use any materials they can find - commonly scrap wood and metal

  fire is constant risk due to overcrowding, use of kerosene and improvised nature of electrical wiring

  narrow alleys and tall buildings meaning houses have no direct sunlight
• jakarta - future


  Jakarta Housing and Administrative Buildings Agency has identified 392 community units that are slum areas planned for improving

  however slum clearance to allow rebuilding means people relocate to other slums, worsening conditions there - Ciliwung River slums
• northwood


  northern area of Irvine city in california

  population = 21,000

  2000 households

  1/3rd households = families with school age children
• northwood - social and economic conditions

  median income = US $87,000 a year compared with national average of $52,000

  university of california is the city's largest employer

  number of well established high-tech, medical, pharmaceutical and aerospace companies

  several TNCs ( kia motors, mazda corporation, toshiba ) have headquarters located in irvine
• northwood - social and economic conditions (health)


  air pollution is relatively low as Northwood is located on edge of Los Angeles conurbation so avoids smog

  solar power and sustainable / renewable energy sources help contribute to low air pollution

  life expectancy is 80

  very good access to clinics and hospitals

  very good access to clean running water and food
• northwood - social and economic conditions ( education )


  schools in Irvine regularly assesses as some of the best achieving in the USA

  5 high schools and several tertiary education facilities

  high educational standards with 67% of residents over 25 having first degrees, and 21% possessing masters or doctorates
• northwood - social and economic conditions (crime)

  overall crime rate is 70% lower than national average

  irvine is safer than 96% of the cities in california

  violent crime = 50 per 100,000 incidents vs 366 per 100,000 nationally

  vehicle theft = 52 per 100,000 incidents vs 220 per 100,000 nationally
• northwood - social and economic conditions ( ethnic makeup )


  half of residents are white

  second most numerous group being Asians, mainly from Vietnam following migration to the USA after the Vietnam War
• northwood - housing conditions

  single-family houses on large 'lots'

  91% of people own their homes and of these 2/3rds have lived in northwood for 10+ years

  average household size is 2.8 people

  streets lined with trees

  large gardens and open space
• northwood - future


  high quality education, employment, health and living conditions maintained