background

• piaget 


  states that cognitive development occurs through the gaining of and updating of schemata. a schema is a mental representation of some aspect of the world. each person has a slightly different schema which is due to differences in experiences but there aare aspects of schemata that most people tend to share.
• piagets theory of cognitive development states that children travel through four distinct stages at roughly the same chronological ages and that these are universal. (SPCF)

  1. sensorimotor
  2. pre-operational
  3. concrete operational
  4. formal operational
• sensorimotor


  0-2yrs

  learn via senses
• pre-operational


  2-7yrs

  learn language and meaning, cannot see thing from other perspectives
• concrete operational


  7-11yrs

  can reason with concrete examples and consider more than one perspective
• formal operational


  11+

  can reason and use abstract logic, understand hypothetical situations
• Vygotsky


  cognitive development was strongly affected by culture and language, and placed more emphasis on the importance of social factors, was something that occurred through social interaction in a guided learning environment.