photosynthesis

Created by

Willow

Cards (40)

cells -> tissues -> organs -> organ systems -> organisms
what types of cells are in plants:
plant cells
what do these contain:
chloroplasts
what pigment do chloroplasts contain:
green pigment called chlorophyll
chlorophyll is used for photosynthesis
what 2 systems are plants made up of:
root system and shoot system
flower: to produce seeds
bud: to form a new leaf or flower
leaf: to absorb light for photosynthesis
stem: to hold the plant upright
root: to absorb water and mineral salts
light
carbon dioxide + water --> glucose + oxygen chlorophyll
raw materials in photosynthesis: carbon dioxide and water
products: oxygen and glucose
what energy is needed to make photosynthesis happen: light
this energy is absorbed intonthe plant by chorophyll in the choroplasts
carbon dioxide enters the leaf through stomata
water enters the plants through the roots from the soil
petiole: attaches the leaf to the stem
blade: the large, wide, flat part of the leaf
midrib: for structure and support, contains the veins in the leaf
lateral vein: contains vessels to transport water to all cells
why are leaves so good at photosynthesis?
large surface area to absorb light
many chloroplasts to absorb light
tiny pores to allow gases in and out
thin so materials move quickly inside them to make the chemical reaction happen
what does the plant do with the products of photosynthesis?
glucose is used:
to release energy in respiration
to make new cells
stored as starch
sent to roots and flower because they dont carry out photosynthesis
leaves build up and store starch which can be used when there is not enough sunlight to make food
to destarch a plant you keep it in the dark for 48 hours before the experimenr
iodine is yellow - brown and turns blue - black in the presence of starch
action: boil leaf in a waterbath
reason: kills the cells stopping chemical reactions
action: turn bunsen burner off
reason: ethanol is highly flammable
action: boil leaf in ethanol
reason: to remove chlorophyll
action: dip leaf into water
reason: this softens the leaf and rehydrates the cells
action: add 2 drops of iodine
reason: to test for starch
what do we use to remove carbon dioxide from the air?
soda lime (sodium hydroxide)
it is a white powder which absorbs carbon dioxide
variegated = leaves which are partly green and partly white. white areas do not have chorophyll
test for oxygen = relights a glowing splint
what 4 factors affect photosynthesis:
temperature
carbon dioxide levels
light levels
water availability
what can farmers do to make sure their plants get enough water:
use a sprinkler system on a timer to water the plants regularly
what can farmers do to make sure the temperature is at the correct level:
use a thermostat and heating cables to maintain the best temperature
what can the farmer do to increase carbon dioxide:
carbon dioxidd can be added to the greenhouse to increase normal levels
root hair cells provide a large surface area making the absorption of water and minerals very efficienr
to get minerals into the root requires a supply of energy. this process is called active transport, the energy is made in the mitochondria of the cells
magnesium: makes chlorophyll
nitrogen: makes protein for new cells
calcium: strengthens cell walls
genes are instructions which control how the organism is put together and how it works. they contain the information for every detail of the organism
transgenic = the genes are moved from one organism to another
5 advantages of genetic modification:
make plants grow bigger and faster
make plants able to grow in salty water
makes plant able to grow in very little water
make plants resist disease
make vaccines which could prevents people from nasty diseases like polio or measles
flavr savr tomato was genetically engineered to have an enhanced flavour and longer shelf life
maize is resistant to pests and disease