Plants: Bt Corn has been genetically modified to express a toxin that is harmful to certain pests.
Bacteria: E.coli bacteria containing fungi (baker’s yeast) genes to produce insulin
Animals: AquAdvantage salmon engineered to contain genes from an unrelated Pacific salmon and an Arctic eelpout
Ethical issues: Deontological critiques
Intrinsic objections to the creation and use of transgenic animals, irrespective of potential benefits, as it is considered "unnatural" and an inappropriate interference with nature
Ethical issues: Biocentric concerns
Animal welfare issues, as genetic modifications may cause suffering, poor quality of life, or intentional defects in transgenic animals
Ethical issues: Using animals as property
Disregarding their inherentvalue (control, ownership, patenting)
Ethical issues: Religious and Cultural critiques
An animal may contain a gene from a religiously prohibited food (e.g. genes from carnivores implanted in plants)
Social issues: Food Security
Transgenic crops can improve food security by increasing yields and reducing losses due to pests and diseases.
Social issues: Socio-Economic impact
Differing impacts will arise on wealthier versus poorer farmers, wherein richer farmers can buy the expensive product and form monocultures, producing much more money
Social issues: Cultural values
Cultures and religions which restrict consumption of certain species may face challenges with transgenic animals containing elements of forbidden species
