Topic 2: force for social change

• Weber


  Calvinism led to spirit of capitalism due to its this-worldly, asceticism
• Billings


  study of coalminers and textile workers

  factors: leadership, organisation, support

  miners= wanted unions recognised

  textile workers= accepted status quo
• why capitalism didn't take in India


  Hinduism is an ascetic religion but is orientated in other-worldly, so is directed away from the material worls
• why capitalism didn't take in China


  Confucianism discouraged rational capitalism- was this worldly but not ascetic, based on consumption rather than production
• Bruce American


  religion supported the American Civil rights movement but the New Christian Right didn't connect with mainstream beliefs so failed
• Casanova and Maduro


  Liberation Theology defended democracy and rights and made Catholic clergy see serving the poor as a Christian duty
• Worsley


  Millenarian Movements in Western Pacific- cargo cults asserted they would overthrow colonial rule. self-consciousness
• Gramsci - Hegemony


  the ruling class maintains control of the working class through ideological control
• Gramsci - counter-hegemony


  the working class can develop an alternative vision for how society should be
• Gramsci- dual character


  religion can either challenge or support the ruling class
• Gramsci- organic intellectuals


  educators/leaders who help workers see the true situation