NATSC13

• Montreal Protocol


  Treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances responsible for ozone depletion
• Montreal Protocol agreed

  16 September 1987
• Montreal Protocol entered into force

  1 January 1989
• Montreal Protocol has had 9 revisions
• The ozone layer is projected to return to 1980 levels between 2040 (across much of the world) and 2066 (over Antarctica)
• The Montreal Protocol is hailed as an example of successful international co-operation
• The Montreal Protocol has been ratified by 198 parties (197 states and the European Union)
• Haloalkanes


  Alkanes containing one or more halogen substituents
• Haloalkanes that contain chlorine, bromine, and iodine are pollutants and toxins, including chlorofluorocarbons and methyl bromide
• Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)


  A body of the United Nations charged with advancing scientific knowledge about anthropogenic climate change
• The IPCC informs governments about the state of knowledge on climate change, including possible response options and the natural, economic, and social impacts and risks
• The IPCC produces comprehensive assessments on the state of knowledge of climate change and prepares reports on special topics relevant to climate change
• The IPCC produces methods that help countries estimate their greenhouse gas emissions and removals through sinks
• Paris Agreement or the Paris Climate Accords


  A treaty on climate change adopted in 2015 covering climate change mitigation, adaptation, and finance
• The Paris Agreement has 195 members of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), with only 4 major emitters still un-ratified
• The United States withdrew from the Paris Agreement in 2020, but rejoined in 2021
• The goal of the Paris Agreement is to keep the rise in mean global temperature to well below 2 °C (3.6 °F) above pre-industrial levels, and preferably limit the increase to 1.5 °C (2.7 °F), recognizing that this would substantially reduce the effects of climate change
• R.A. 9003 - Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000


  A law in the Philippines that aims to adopt a systematic, comprehensive and ecological solid waste management program to ensure the protection of public health and environment
• Prohibitions under R.A. 9003

  • Open dumps
  • Littering / throwing / dumping in public spaces
  • Non-segregation of wastes
  • Open burning of waste
  • Squatting in open dumps
  • Unauthorized removal of recyclable material
  • Mixing of source-separated recyclable materials
  • Burying of biodegradable materials in flood prone areas
  • Import, sale & manufacture of toxic products
  • Operation of waste facilities without an Environmental Compliance Certificate & Land Use Plan of LGUs
  • Construction of establishment within 200 meters from sanitary landfills
  • Operation of waste disposal facility on any aquifer, groundwater reservoir, or watershed area
• REPUBLIC ACT 9275 PHILIPPINE CLEAN WATER ACT OF 2004


  A law in the Philippines that aims to protect the country's water bodies from pollution from land-based sources
• Prohibitions under the Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004

  • Discharging or depositing any water pollutant to the water body, or such which will impede natural flow in the water body
  • Discharging, injecting or allowing to enter into the soil, anything that would pollute groundwater
  • Operating facilities that discharge regulated water pollutants without the valid required permits
  • Disposal of potentially infectious medical waste into sea by vessels
  • Unauthorized transport or dumping into waters of sewage sludge or solid waste
  • Transport, dumping or discharge of prohibited chemicals, substances or pollutants listed under C. RA 6969
  • Discharging regulated water pollutants without the valid required discharge permit
  • Noncompliance of the LGU with the Water Quality Framework and Management Area Action Plan
  • Refusal to allow entry, inspection and monitoring as well as access to reports and records by the DENR
  • Refusal or failure to submit reports and/or designate pollution control officers whenever required by the DENR
  • Directly using booster pumps in the distribution system or tampering with the water supply in such a way to alter or impair the water quality
  • Operate facilities that discharge or allow to seep, willfully or through grave negligence, prohibited chemicals, substances, or pollutants listed under R.A. No. 6969, into water bodies
  • Undertake activities or development and expansion of projects, or operating wastewater treatment/sewerage facilities in violation of P.D.1586 and its IRR
  • Use of prohibited chemical substance or mixture
  • Failure or refusal to submit reports, notices, or on the information, access to records as required by this Act, or permit inspection of establishment where chemicals are manufactured, processed, stored or otherwise held
  • Failure or refusal to comply with the pre-manufacture and pre-importation requirements
  • Cause, aid or facilitate, directly or indirectly, in the storage, importation or bringing into Philippine territory, including its maritime economic zones, even in transit, either by means of land, air or sea transportation or otherwise keeping in storage any amount of hazardous and nuclear wastes in any part of the Philippines
• Republic Act 8749 PHILIPPINE CLEAN AIR ACT OF 1999


  A law in the Philippines that aims to achieve and maintain clean air that meets the National Air Quality guideline values for criteria pollutants, throughout the Philippines, while minimizing the possible associated impacts to the economy
• Prohibitions under the Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999

  • Unauthorized transport or dumping into waters of sewage sludge or solid waste
  • Operate facilities that discharge or allow to seep, willfully or through grave negligence, prohibited chemicals, substances, or pollutants
• R.A. 11038 or the National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act of 1992


  A law in the Philippines that provides for tax exemption on all grants and endowments made to the protected area fund and allows the Department of Justice to investigate violations of laws, rules and regulations in the protected areas
• Protected Area Categories under the NIPAS Act

  • Natural Park
  • Natural Monument/Landmark
  • National Park
  • Wildlife Sanctuary
  • Protected Landscape and/or Seascape
  • Resource Reserve
  • Natural Biotic Area
  • Marine Reserve
  • Managed Resource Protected Area
  • Game Refuge and Bird/Fish Sanctuary
  • Watershed Forest Reserve
  • Watershed Reservation
• Examples of protected areas in the Philippines under the NIPAS Act include Mount Isarog Natural Park, Apo Reef Natural Park, Bessang Pass Natural Monument, Chocolate Hills Natural Monument, Paoay Lake National Park, Hundred Islands National Park, Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, Turtle Islands Wildlife Sanctuary, Taal Volcano Protected Landscape, Sarangani Bay Protected Seascape, Batanes Protected Landscape and Seascape, Upper Agno River Basin Resource Reserve, Siocon Resource Reserve, Buug Natural Biotic Area, Basilan Natural Biotic Area, Palaui Island Marine Reserve, Sagay Marine Reserve, El Nido-Taytay Managed Resource Protected Area, Lake Malimanga Bird and Fish Sanctuary, Lake Buluan Game Refuge and Bird Sanctuary, Angat Watershed Forest Reserve, and Infanta Watershed Forest Reserve
• Game Refuge and Bird/Fish Sanctuary


  A forest land designated for the protection of game animals, birds and fish, and closed to hunting and fishing in order that the excess population may flow and restock surrounding areas
• Watershed Forest Reserve


  A forest land reservation established to protect, maintain or improve water yield and provide restraining mechanisms for inappropriate forest exploitation and disruptive land use
• Watershed Reservation


  A forest land reservation established to protect, maintain or improve water yield and provide restraining mechanisms for inappropriate forest exploitation and disruptive land use
• Wilderness Area


  A large, unmodified area managed mainly for wilderness protection. Can also be slightly modified land, and/or sea, retaining its natural character and influence, without permanent or significant habitation, protected and managed so as to preserve its natural condition
• Mangrove Swamp Forest Reserve


  Mangrove area of the public domain which is declared and determined to be needed for conservation and protection purposes
• Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act of 1997


  Policy goals: more equitable distribution of opportunities, income and wealth; a sustained increase in the amount of goods and services produced by the nation for the benefit of the people; and expand productivity to raise the quality of life for all, especially the underprivileged
• Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act of 1997

  1. Industrialization and full employment based on sound agricultural development and agrarian reform

  2. Enable the agriculture and fisheries sectors to participate and share in the fruits of development and growth utilizing the nation's resources in the most efficient and sustainable way

  3. Establish a more equitable access to assets, income, basic and support services and infrastructure

  4. Promote food security, sufficiency in our staple food: rice and white corn, optimized to meet local consumption and be given adequate support

  5. Adopt the market approach, encourage farmers to shift to more profitable crops

  6. Empower the agriculture and fisheries sectors
• Ways to empower the agriculture and fisheries sectors

  • Poverty Alleviation and Social Equity
  • Food Security
  • Rational Use of Resources
  • Global Competitiveness
  • Sustainable Development
  • People Empowerment
  • Protection from Unfair Competition
• Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act of 1997

  1. Modernize the agriculture and fisheries sectors from a resource-based to a technology-based industry

  2. Enhance profits and incomes in the agriculture and fisheries sectors

  3. Ensure stable supply of food to all at all times

  4. Encourage horizontal and vertical integration to enable them to hire professional managers

  5. Promote people empowerment by strengthening people's organizations, cooperatives and NGOs and by establishing and improving mechanisms and processes for their participation in government decision-making and implementation

  6. Adopt a market-driven approach

  7. Induce traditional or new products to further processing to minimize the marketing of raw, unfinished or unprocessed products

  8. Promote industry dispersal and rural industrialization by incentives to local and foreign investors

  9. Promote social and economic adjustment that increase productivity and improve market efficiency

  10. Improve the quality of life of all sectors
• Climate Change Act of 2009

  • Ensure the mainstreaming of climate change, in synergy with disaster risk reduction, into the national, sectoral and local development plans and programs
  • Coordinate and synchronize climate change programs of national government agencies
  • Formulate a Framework Strategy on Climate Change as basis for a program for climate change planning, research and development, extension, and monitoring of activities on climate change
  • Policy coordination to attain goals set in the strategy and program
  • Recommend legislation, policies, strategies, programs on and appropriations for mitigation
  • Develop investments such as water resources, agriculture, forestry, coastal and marine resources, health, and infrastructure
  • Enable environment for risk-sharing and risk-transfer instruments
  • Enable broader multi-stakeholder participation
  • Mitigate GHG and other anthropogenic causes of climate change
  • Establish partnership with the National Disaster Coordinating Council to reduce vulnerability to disasters
  • Represent the Philippines via DFA in the climate change negotiations
  • Formulate and update guidelines for determining vulnerability
  • Coordinate with local government units (LGUs) and private entities to address vulnerability to impacts of regions, provinces, cities and municipalities
  • Facilitate capacity building for local adaptation planning, implementation and monitoring
  • Provide technical and financial support to local research and development programs and projects
  • Disseminate information on vulnerabilities and risks, relevant laws and protocols and adaptation and mitigation measures
• Oil Pollution Compensation Act, 2007


  Act provides for the adoption of internationally accepted measures which impose strict liability for oil pollution damage in order to protect Philippine's marine wealth in its archipelagic waters, territorial sea and exclusive economic zones
• Writ of Kalikasan


  A landmark legal remedy that compels the government to act and halt environmental degradation that impacts more than one municipality. It provides protection of one's constitutional right to a healthy environment
• Waste-to-Energy (Incineration)


  Cebu City, 2nd biggest metropolis, signed a joint venture for a garbage incinerator to be completed by 2025. It is claimed to be in violation of Clean Air Act and Ecological Solid Waste Management Act
• Resources recovery shall refer to the collection, extraction or recovery of recyclable materials from the waste stream for the purpose of recycling, generating energy or producing a product suitable for beneficial use: Provided, that such resource recovery facilities exclude incineration