Society and Institutions

• a person who supports a particular idea or party

  adherent (of)
• (disapproving) someone opposed to change or new ideas

  reactionary
• a principle on which a belief is based

  tenet
• when a group of people express disapproval of laws by refusing to obey them

  civil disobedience
• believable

  credible
• not wanting or able to believe something

  incredulous
• 100th anniversary / 200th anniversary

  centenary

  bi-centenary
• very noisy

  raucous
• serious, heavy and sad

  sombre
• being poor according to a fixed minimum standard; sometimes called the poverty line

  absolute poverty
• being poor in relation to others around you

  relative poverty
• living below the poverty line

  extreme poverty
• being poor in a range of ways, not only financial

  human poverty
• categorised

  classed
• wealth; wealth

  affluence; affluent
• having the level of income of an extremely poor person

  live on or below the breadline
• without money, food, home or possessions

  destitute
• to break a law/rule

  to contravene/infringe a law
• to make an official request that a previous judgement should be changed

  to lodge an appeal
• to make it difficult for justice to bedone

  to pervert the course of justice
• to change a previous official decision that someone was guilty

  to quash a conviction
• stealing money that belongs to an organisation that you work for

  embezzlement
• lying when under oath

  perjury
• someone who always obeys the law

  law-abiding person
• he or she behaves in a way which is independent and not the way in which most other people behave

  if someone is a law unto himself/herself
• giving money to be used for a particular purpose

  allocating funds
• money to help development

  development grants
• he placing of unfair restrictions, e.g. limiting imports

  restrictive practices
• total prohibitions on importing/exporting certain goods

  embargoes
• Economies in a bad state

  ailing
• reduction/increase in value against other currencies

  Devaluation/Revaluation
• recession which ends and then begins again after a short time

  double-dip recession