ENQ3

• how much oil is thought to be in the Arctic

  90-100 million barrel of oil worth
• How much CF does China produce

  2/3 of worlds

  • Silk Street
• there is building resentment toward China in Nigeria because


  inferior Chinese goods that were likely to be CF that have started fire and caused safety concerns
• how much does CF cost G20 countries

  USD$85 billion/ year
• which country has not signed the Anti-Counterfeit agreement

  China
• which industry has been impacted by CF

  Pharma

  • 10-30% of drugs worldwide are CF
• is the tension of CF large issue

  unlikely to get into trade war over CF
• what is a key issue in the South China sea

  Sovereignty
• Where are the Straits of Malakka located

  Between Singapore and Malaysia
• how much passed through the straits of malakka per annum

  $11.3 billion
• how much oil and gas is thought to be in the South China sea

  190 cubic metres of natural gas
• how many countries claim territory in the South China Sea

  6
• South China sea is more an issue compared to the Arctic because

  China is being more aggressive and their are other factors that exacerbate the issue
• how many of the worlds fishing vessels operate in the South China Sea

  1/2
• how much of SCS does Beijing claim

  80%
• which countries have naval ships in the SCS

  China, Vietnam, Philippines
• why is China the most dominant power

  quid pro quo:

  • you hurt me and you get none of the share of my riches
• China in the SCS has suggested they have sovereignty and point to the

  9 dash line
• what did the Philippines accuse China of doing 2023

  dangerous manoeuvres and sailing too close to their shoreline
• FU in SCS


  there is fragile peace
• China has declared itself a near

  arctic state
• Russia claims the Arctic through its

  Lomonosov ridge
• China has invested how much into Russia

  $90bn

  • interest in the Arctic
• how much faster does the Arctic experience climate change compared to other places

  3x faster
• which country does not view the arctic as importantly as Russia

  USA
• BRI


  investment and development aid to countries across the world

  • modern version of the Sil Road
• two avenues for assessing control of SP

  direct and indirect
• who is the dominant player in the Arctic

  Russia

  • 50% coastline
• tensions over territory can lead to open conflict

  Russia-Ukrain
• which African country received $4bn for an infrastructure project 


  Kenya
• why is China said to be setting Africa into a debt trap

  China owned 15% Africa's external debt in 2012

  The Railway in Ethiopia cost 1/4 of its total budget in 2016
• China relies on Africa

  20% cotton comes from Africa

  Africa has 1/2 manganese stock which is essential for steel production
• China and Africa env impacts

  • China investing in environmentally sensitive sectors e.g., oil and gas
  • China's domestic policies have prioritised economic growth over env protection - likely to do to Africa
• China likely to have GDP greater than

  $5 trillion

  • fund military power
• what will Asia become by 2050


  the most populous continent

  • crowded
• what do other countries think of investment in Africa

  it is a neo-colonial land grab
• religious tensions in the middle east

  Sunni (Saudis) v Shia (Iran and Iraq)
• conflicts that have heightened tensions in the middle east

  • Invasion of Iraq
  • Arab Spring
  • Yemen Civil War
  • Israel-Palestine
• how much aid does the US give to Israel

  $260bn
• what has conflict in the middle east created

  regional instability and strained global relations