The form information takes to cross the tiny gap, or synapse, that separates one neuron from the next, the information takes the form of a ______ signal.
The specialized molecules that carry the signals across the synapses are called _______. Relay information about the environment and our states from neuron to neuron through brain circuits and shape how we respond.
The process by which signaling molecules called ________ are released by the axon terminal of a neuron (the presynaptic neuron) and bind to and react with the receptors on the dendrites of another neuron (the postsynaptic neuron) a short distance away.
Change in neuronalstructure and function causing long-term effect in neurotransmissionabnormalities.
Can prod some genes to increase or decrease their production of proteins, leading to changes in neuron function or even actual reshaping of the physical structure of neurons.
Toxic to neurons and effects accumulate with repeated exposures.
In mice, the cocaine alters important genetic transcription factors and expressions of hundreds of genes. Some of the resulting changes in the brain's complement of proteins have been associated with increaseddrug-seeking and addiction-like behaviors in animals. Other changes such as proliferation of new dendrites may be compensatory.
Some epigenetic changes can be passed down to next generation, like an offspring of rats exposed to TCH (main psychotropic component of marijuana) have alterations in glutamate and cannabinoid receptor formation that affects their response to heroin
methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MMDA/Ecstasy/Molly) - damages axons (branch of neuron that releases its neurotransmitter into the synapse) that produces serotonin. Disruptions in serotonin neurotransmitter may underlie memory problems that are sometimes experienced by heavy users.
Methamphetamine damage to dopamine-releasing neurons can cause significant defects in thinking and motorskills
It is the system which nerves from these division innervates all involuntarystructures of the body. Balancedfunctioning of these two systems plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis.
SYMPATHETIC AND PARASYMPATHETIC SYSTEM
Neurotransmission
Latin word "transmissio" meaning "passage, crossing" and from transmittere" meaning "send, let through."