Powers and Borders 1.4

• Describe the intended short term effects of global governance wehere sovereignty is threatened in terms of how global governance of sovereignty has consequences for citizens and place (2) - Humanitarian aid delivered by aid agencies and donated funds, developing a supply of food, and access to clean water - Supplying medicine and providing shelter for IDPs, assisting vulnerable refugges and matinaining peace
• Describe the intended long term effects of global governance where sovereignty is threatened in terms of how global governance of sovereignty has consequences for citizens and place (2) - Agricultural training to improve food security, educational programmes set up to prevent further conflict and support from minority groups - Building democratic institutions, supporting a fair electorial process, upholding human rights, training the police and integrating gender equality into policies
• Describe the short term effects of global governance where territorial integrity has been threatened in terms of how global governance of territorial integrity issues has consequences for citizens and place (2) - Security and protection of civilians in conflict zones, periods of ceasefire negotiated and border control to facilitate movement of people - Upholding human rights of minority groups including women and children, as well as reducing forced conscription of child soldiers and strengthening the rule of law
• Describe the long term effects of global governance where territorial integrity has been threatened in terms of how global governance of territorial integrity issues has consequences for citizens and place (2) - Mediating and fostering of future cooperation, developing sustainable food and water supplies and improving long term trade relationships to help reduce the effects of economic shock - Developing cyber defense and restoring territory according to international law, coupled with supporting a transition to democracy
• Provide some general information about mali, with regards to the impact of global governance on sovereignty (3) - GDP per capita of 2100 - Fragile state ranking of 13 - Population of 21 million
• Describe the sovereignty and territorial integrity issues within Mali (2) - Fighting in the north to control routes for legal trade and illicit smuggling, ineffective state governance of the north has led to it being neglected - European colonial boundaries divided ethnic groups in the 20th century, resulting in the Tuareg declaring independance for the Azawad region in Mali, where they claim cultural rights to the land - In 2013 Malian interim authroities requested assistance from france to restore its territorial integrity following a Military coup d'etat in december 2012 and subsequent insu...
• What are the global governance strategies used in Mali (4) - UN security councils MINUSMA - ECOWAS and African Union - Globally governing Operations - NGO's
• Describe the UN Security councils MINUSMA in terms of the global governance strategies used in Mali (2) - Multi dimensional integrated stabilisation mission established by security council in 2013 to support political process and stabilise the country - Aims to support protection of human rights and ensure state security by providing over 9000 military personel and 1000 police
• Describe ECOWAS and African union in terms of the global governance strategies used in Mali (1) - Involved in mediation and of the conflict and returning power to the civil administration, it sent 3330 troops in 2012 to help tackle Islamist fighters in northern Mali
• Describe the globally governing operations in terms of the global governance strategies used in Mali (2) - operation serval was a french mission to provide airpower and ground assistance to halt the advance of tuareg rebels and islamist fighters, it successfully captured or killed 2000 islamist fighters - Operation Newcombe was a UK taskforce sent by the UN for long range reconnaissance mission to understand the situation on the ground in Mali
• Describe examples of NGO's providing assistance in Mali in terms of the global governance strategies used in Mali (4) - Population services international are assisting with reproductive health projects, Care is providing food insecurity alleviation - world Education Mali is addressing educational barriers to literacy - Oxfam are supporting families affected by drought and distributing agricultural kits to help families as well as promoting the girls can program helping women with vocational training and employment - Despite minusma forces, it is difficult for NGOs to operate in areas with high...
• Evaluate effectiveness of global governance strategies in Mali in terms of the global governance strategies used in Mali (3) - success of combined effects of global governance evident in 2015 peace deal which the mali government formulated with the tuareg, allowing some degree of autonomy for the north - It declared it was to recognise locally elected leaders, and represent the north in more national institutions - NGO's struggle to operate even dispute minusma due to landmine presence, kidnappings and crime rates
• What are the opportunities as a result of the impacts of global governance strategies in mali - Opportunities for stability - Opportunities for growth - Opportunities for development
• Describe Opportunities for stability in terms of the opportunities as a result of the impacts of global governance strategies in mali (2) - MINUSMA establishing mechanisms for socio-economic stability and supporting the governemtn in providing effective legislation and setting up democratic elctions to minimise terrorist activity - Developing a protection of human rights, reinforcing international norms of behaviour and reestablishing state control of the north as a result of globally governing operations and minimising terrorist activity
• Describe opportunities for growth in terms of the opportunities as a result of the impacts of global governance strategies in mali (3) - GDP per capita is recovering after it fell in the two years following the coup to 800USD per capita - Mali is reducing its import dependancy and increasing its economic diversity to reduce trade deficit - Currently its main exports are gold and cotton, but the world banks is enhancing chains for farming and fishery to support smallhold farmers through the agricultural competitiveness and diversification project
• Desccribe opportunities for development in terms of the opportunities as a result of the impacts of global governance strategies in mali (2) - MINUSMA mission is providing stability needed to expand development - Organisations like Water aid is working within local communities to secure water supplies and sanitation, developing healthier citizens who are more educated and secure, leading to increased levels of development
• Describe the challenges as a result of the impact of global governance strategies in mali (2) - Inequality based challenges - Injustice based challenges
• Describe inequality based challenges in terms of the challenges as a result of the impacts of global governance strategies in mali - Socio-economic inequalities between north and south remain, norht is underdeveloped and under represented, with cultural and linguistic divisions between the Tuareg, songhai and other ethnic groups continuing to challenge peace - Inequalities between urban and rural areas, for example infrastructure provision, 85% have access to electricity in urban malian areas, only 8% in rural areas
• Describe injustic based challenges in terms of the challenges as a result of the impacts of global governance strategies in mali (2) - The governments inability to police its own country has led to high levels of trafficking, drug smuggling and kidnapping, government cannot protects its civilians from human rights abuse, like female genital mutilation - There are high rates of abductions, killings, bombings and maternal and infant mortality
• What are the impacts of global governance where territorial integrity is challenged - Short term: protecting civilians and assistance for IDPs - Long Term: Supporting transition to democracy - Long Term: Re-establishing state authority
• Describe the short term impact of protecting civilians and assistance for IDPs in terms of the impact of global governance where territorial integrity has been challenged (3) - Assistance of NGOs like oxfam, care and world education mali, distributing agricultural kits, reducing food scarcity, girls can program, assisting with vocational training, securing a sustainable water supply and sanitation supporting families through drought and addressing educational barriers - Impacts the safety of civilians but fails to secure them permanent protection in the future therefore long term impacts might...
• Describe the long term impact of supporting a transition to democracy in terms of the impact of global governance where territorial integrity has been challenged (3) - MINUSMA set up in december 2013 to try and support transition to democratic values, which led to the 2015 peace deal formulated between government and tuareg allowing for a degree of autonomy for the north - Allowing more autonomy could lead to future attempts for further autonomy or succession, however it did allow for recognition of locally elected leaders, more budget for the north and representation in national institutions ...
• Describe the long term impact of reestablishing state authority in terms of the impact of global governance where territorial integrity has been challenged (4) - The government can tackle injustice based challenges if they are able to police their own country, as before there was multiple cases of trafficking, female genital mutilation and human rights abuse, which could be prevented with sufficent state authority - State authority would allow for education systems to develop, which would address barriers to literacy and encourage the reduction of social inequality between the north and the so...