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• Ingestion is taking food in via the mouth
• Mechanical digestion = teeth chop up food, large pieces of food broken
• Chemical digestion = enzymes break down large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble food molecules
• Absorption = the small soluble molecules are now taken in from the gut into the blood streams to be transported to all other body cells
• Egestion = undigested food forms faeces and is removed from the body via the anus
• proteins is used for growth, repair and replacement of tissues e.g muscles (build bodies)
• carbs acts as sources of energy (includes starches and sugars) They are stored as glycogen in the liver
• fats/lipids (provide store of energy) Insulates the body and protect some organs.
• minerals (haemoglobin in blood) Needed in very small amount for good health. Lack of these in diet causes deficiency issues

  Lack of Iron = Anemia

  Lack of calcium = Rickets/bad health

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  Calcium is needed for strong bones

  Iron is an important component of haemoglobin helps red bloods cells transport oxygen
• vitamins needed in small amount to maintain healthy tissues - lack of these causes deficiency issues

  Lack of vitamin C (in citrus) = scurvy

  Lack of vitamin D = rickets (children) or Oestomalacia (adults)

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  Vitamin A is in liver - used for good eyesight and healthy skin/hair

  Vitamin D is in eggs - helps to absorb calcium
• Fibre provides bulk in digestive system and prevents constipation. Mostly from cell walls of plant cells which we cannot digest
• water (essential for body processes and functions) Keeps you hydrated and for metabolic reactions to take place. It is an essential part of many functions e.g sweating
• DIGESTION is the process of breaking down food into molecules that can be absorbed by the body
• Oesophagus


  tube from back of throat to stomach
• Stomach


  a bag of muscle that mixes and churns up food with gastric juices
• Small intestine


  narrow but very long coiled tube is lined with tiny finger called villi which absorb digested food
• Large Intestine


  tubing from which a lot of water is reabsorbed so it can be reused. Faeces form here
• Anus


  ring of muscle at end of digestive system
• Pancreas


  gland that produces digestive juices containing all three enzymes. these enzymes need alkaline conditions to work
• Salivary gland


  these produce saliva, containing carbohydrates and mucus. Mucus helps lubricates food
• Gall bladder


  Stores bile before releasing it into the first section of the small intestine
• Bile duct


  Takes bile from the gall bladder to the first section of the small intestine.
• Liver


  Produces bile and secretes it to the gall bladder for storage.
• Peristalsis is waves of muscular contraction that push food along the gut wall
• Oestomalacia - pain felt in bone/joints

  Scurvy - limb pain, swelling, bleeding of the gums and loss of teeth

  Rickets - pain or tenderness in the bones of the arms, legs, pelvis, or spine, stunted growth and short stature, bone fractures, muscle cramps

  Anemia - Can't transport as much oxygen to your tissues - tiredness