Mumbai

• Mumbai's population gain 500,000 each year
• Mumbai population: 25 million
• 40% of Mumbai's population live in slums
• Mumbai is 25% of India's industrial production
• Mumbai's financial district: Bandra Kurla Complex (BKC)
• 70% of India's sea trade in Mumbai
• Number of slums in Mumbai: 2000
• Population of Dharavi (Mumbai's largest slum): 1 million
• Dharavi can only access water for 2 hours every day
• Dharavi has unplanned dangerous electricity systems
• In Dharavi, girls often drop out of school
• Dharavi has no sewage network
• very polluted, open sewer: Mithi River
• 1/3 of population have been victims of crime
• Mumbai has large, unskilled and informal, self-employed workforce

  • many people unemployed - lack of jobs for uneducated people
• Environmental issues

  • waste disposal - 50 tonnes of plastic and rubbish gets washed ashore everyday
  • water pollution - 25% of sewage flows untreated
  • air pollution
  • traffic congestion - extremely limited public transport - 3 million registered vehicles
• Incremental housing: gradual step-by-step process whereby building components improved as funding, time or materials become available

  Pros: people have choice about their housing, doesn't cost government money

  Cons: no sewage built, public toilets aren't safe, only work on a small scale
• Slum redevelopment: slums cleared and new homes build

  India's "Slum Rehabilitation Authority"

  Pros: all connected to electricity, water and sewerage, indoor toilets, more space

  Cons: further away from the centre of Mumbai, people have to change jobs, find new school and medical services, issues with finances (expensive), no sense of community
• Mumbai has 42 universities
• In slums, an average of only 1 toilet per 1000 people
• In Dharavi, only 24% of residents have access to drinking water
• 60% of migrants to Mumbai from state of Maharashtra (nearest rural state to Mumbai)
• >1000 primary and secondary schools
• 90% literacy rate, 70% in slums
• Dharavi

  • typical house- 8 square metres
  • 175 Ha
• 650 million Litres of water lost to old, leaking pipes
• Mumbai has experienced rapid urbanisation due to its location as an important port city and its role as a major financial centre in South Asia.
• slum dwellers spend 20% of income on water
• 23% of citizens exposed to bribery
• port: Gateway of India

  Built by British - closed point from India to Suez Canal, on a peninsula so calm for ships to go in and out
• 7th most populous city in the world
• Average age of migrants in 20-21
• • centre of Bollywood
  • headquarters of many companies and TNCs
  • wealthiest city in India
  • better and more healthcare available to rural areas
• "Slum Rehabilitation Authority"

  • oversees all slum redevelopment projects in India, have specific requirements that developers must follow when building new apartments
  • redevelopment schemes funded by selling off parts of inner city slums, as a result land is often turned into commercial use and residential buildings are built further away
  • alternatively, areas of slums are cleared and apartments built, some of which are sold privately whilst rest are given to slum dwellers
  • slum dwellers are given money for temporary accommodation whilst new buildings are being constructied