Husserl

• Who is considered the founder of phenomenology?

  Edmund Husserl (1859-1938) is considered the founder of phenomenology, a philosophical method focused on the systematic study of consciousness and subjective experience.
• What is phenomenology concerned with?

  Phenomenology is concerned with the detailed examination of subjective experience as it is immediately given to consciousness, without presupposing the existence of an external world.
• What crisis did Husserl believe scientific rationality had reached?

  Husserl believed that scientific rationality had reached a crisis point, neglecting the subjective experience of the individual in favor of objective observation and analysis.
• What is epoche in Husserl's phenomenology?

  Epoche, or bracketing, is the method of suspending judgment and examining phenomena without preconceived notions or biases.
• What is intentionality in Husserl's phenomenology?

  Intentionality refers to the directedness of consciousness towards objects or phenomena. Consciousness is always directed towards something, whether real or imagined.
• First Epoche

  The first epoche involves bracketing objectivism: the researcher sets aside scientific explanations to focus on the phenomenon itself as it appears in consciousness.
• Second Epoche

  The second epoche involves bracketing subjectivism: the researcher suspends personal emotions or subjective interpretations that may influence perception.
• Concept of intentionality

  Consciousness is always directed towards something, whether real or imagined.