groups

• social group

  refers to two or more people who identify and interact with one another.
• category

  • people with a status in common; the vast majority are strangers to one another.
• crowd

  • too anonymous and transitory to qualify as groups.
  • temporary, loosely formed collections of people
• aggregate

  • refer to a cluster of people who may be on close physical proximity but do not interact with one another.
• Group members interact on a fairly regular basis, affect, and influence each other.
• groups according to social ties:

  • primary groups
  • secondary group
• groups according to self-identification:

  • in-group
  • out-group
  • reference group
• groups according to purpose

  • special interest group
  • task group
  • influence/pressure group
• groups according to geographical location and degree or quality of relationship

  • gemeinschaft
  • gesselschaft
• groups according to form of organization

  • formal
  • informal
  • group size
  • the dyad
  • the triad
  • social network
• • Primary Group

   - it is the most fundamental unit of human society.
• According to Charles Horton Cooley, primary group is a small social group whose members share personal and enduring relationships.
• Primary relationships give people a comforting sense of security. They help one another in many ways.
• examples of primary group:

  Families, gangs, cliques, play groups, and friendship groups
• • Secondary Group

  -Refers to the group with which the individual comes in contact later in life.
• Secondary Group

  • a large and impersonal social group whose members pursue a specific goal or activity
• secondary group - Usually large in size, not very enduring, and with limited relationships, weak ties of affection, and limited face-to-face interaction.
• Most secondary groups are short-term.
• Secondary groups include more people than primary groups
• People in secondary groups have a goal orientation.
• secondary group - Usually remain formal and polite
• examples of secondary groups

  • Industrial workers, business associates, faculty staff, company employees
• • In-Group

  -It is a social unit in which individuals feel at home and with which they identify.
• in-group

  • also a social group commanding a members esteem and loyalty.
• in-group - Members generally hold overly positive views of themselves and unfairly negative views of various out-groups.
• in-group - Power also shapes intergroup relations.
• •Out-Group -It is a social unit to which individuals do not belong due to differences in certain social categories and with which they do not identify.
• If we are law abiders, the out-group is the law violators, if we violate the laws, the law abiders are the out-group.
• Reference Group

  -It refers to the group to which we consciously or unconsciously refer when we try to evaluate our own life situations and behavior, but to which we do not necessarily belong.
• reference group - serves as a comparison function and normative function
• Special Interest Group

  -It refers to a group which is organized to meet the special interest of its members.
• Special Interest Group

  Example: Hobby groups
• Task Group -This group is assigned to accomplish jobs that cannot be done by one person.
• Task Group

  Example: Working Committee, Construction Workers
• Influence/Pressure Group - This refers to a group organized to support or influence social actions.
• Influence/Pressure Group

  Example: Social Movements, Campaign Groups, Political Parties
• • Gemeinschaft

  -It refers to a social system in which most relationships are personal or traditional.
• Gemeinschaft - It is a community of intimate, private, and exclusive living and familism
• In Gemeinschaft, culture is homogenous and traditional-bound.
• Gemeinschaft

  Example: Tribal groups, agricultural and fishing villages, barrio