PetFoodLabelsL6

• Macronutrient Profiles


  Adjusting protein, fat, and carbohydrate levels in pet food
• Post-exercise Supplementation


  Providing nutrients after physical activity for recovery
• Labelling Guidelines


  Including Pet Food Factory number, net weight, ingredient list, nutritional claim, directions of use, etc
• Popular or generic brands are produced as

  Variable formula diets
• Premium foods are produced as

  Fixed formulas
• Variable Formula Diets


  Ingredients vary from batch to batch, availability & market prices
• Fixed Formula Diets


  Much more consistency/less variation, higher price
• Split Ingredients Trick


  Separating similar ingredients to list them lower on the ingredient list
• 2 categories for Nutritional Claim

  Nutritionally Complete and Nutritionally Incomplete
• Nutritionally Complete


  Pet food meeting all life-stage nutritional requirements. Formulated as a complete, scientific or balanced ration for pets (ingredients fed as sole source of nutrients meet requirements of all life-stages). Formulated for a limited purpose (growth, maintenance, or gestation)
• Nutritionally Incomplete


  No feeding trial and no certificate of analysis
• What are Sprint dogs fed?

  High CHO diet
• CHOs produces a fast rate of energy generation for highly intense exercise. CHO is a less concentrated form of energy and produces relatively small amounts of ATP for muscle work
• What are Endurance dogs fed?

  Require more fat in their diets
• Advantage: High energy density foods = smaller volumes of food needed to be fed. Fats have a slow rate of energy generation but energy isn't required quickly by endurance dogs. Fats concentrated form of energy and produces large amounts of ATP for muscle work
• Modified Atwater Factors


  Factors for caloric density calculation based on macronutrient content
• Dietary protein is not required extensively for

  Energy purposes
• Protein Requirements in Athletes

  Increased protein needs for active pets
• What's the most important factor during conditioning and beginning of training?

  Energy
• Diets with inadequate energy levels

  Proteins are used an emergeny supply
• Most protein storage is in muscle


  The use of protein energy production will decrease performance
• Energy Needs Calculation


  Determining pet food energy requirements based on activity level
• Protein Utilisation


  Increases under stress conditions
• Minimum Protein Intake


  25-30% of dietary calories recommended
• High Protein Diet Benefits

  Increases O2 carrying capacity to muscles
• Protein Levels Impact on RBC Volume

  Lower protein levels decrease RBC volume
• Excessive Protein Consumption


  Detrimental to performance, increases metabolic load, energy density of the food is lowered, large amounts of food needs to fed to meet energy demands
• Despite feeding excessive amounts of protein, dogs undergoing intense exercise may

  Benefit from increased levels of protein to prevent injury
• Dietary Fat decreases volume to feed, very important in dogs with high energy requirements and limited stomach size
• Fat increases palatability encouraging consumption which can be important in stress, fatigue, or dehydration
• Excessive amounts of fat

  Loss of palatability and diarrhea
• Fat Source Relevance


  Source not crucial, but linoleic acid is necessary
• Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids


  Increase antioxidant requirements
• Dietary Fat Role in Exercise

  Affects oxidative metabolism and nutrient needs
• Free Fatty Acids Concentration


  Measured before and after exercise tests
• Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER)


  Ratio of CO2 produced to O2 used in metabolism
• CHO


  Carbohydrates used as a fuel source
• Fat


  Primary fuel source with less CO2 produced than O2
• Carbo-sparing


  Consuming high fat levels for endurance performance
• Macronutrient profile


  Ratio of protein, fat, and CHO in diet