Chemical Composition (Part 1).pptx

• Binary compounds


  Composed of two elements
• Types of binary compounds

  • Binary ionic compounds (Type I and II)
  • Binary covalent compounds (Type III)
• Binary ionic compounds


  • Contain positive cations and negative anions
  • Metals (Group I, II, and III) and nonmetals
• Type I binary ionic compounds

  • Metal present forms only one cation
• Type I binary ionic compound naming rules

  1. Cation named first, anion second

  2. Simple cation named from element name

  3. Simple anion named by taking root of element name and adding -ide
• Type I binary ionic compounds

  • KCl - Potassium chloride

  CaO - Calcium oxide

  MgBr2 - Magnesium bromide
• Type II binary ionic compounds

  • Metals can form more than one type of positive charge

  Charge on metal ion must be specified

  Roman numeral indicates metal cation charge

  Transition metal cations usually require Roman numeral
• Type II binary ionic compound naming rules

  1. Cation named first, anion second

  2. Cation charge specified by Roman numeral in parentheses
• Type II binary ionic compounds

  • CuBr - Copper(I) bromide

  PbO2 - Lead(IV) oxide

  FeS - Iron(II) sulfide
• Type III binary covalent compounds

  • Formed between two nonmetals

  Use prefixes to indicate number of atoms
• Type III binary covalent compound naming rules

  1. First element named first, full element name used

  2. Second element named as if an anion

  3. Prefixes used to indicate number of atoms

  4. Prefix 'mono-' never used for first element
• Type III binary covalent compounds

  • CO2 - Carbon dioxide

  CO - Carbon monoxide

  PCl3 - Phosphorus trichloride

  CCl4 - Carbon tetrachloride

  N2O5 - Dinitrogen pentoxide

  CS2 - Carbon disulfide
• Prefixes used to indicate numbers


  • mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, etc.
• The primary function of chemical nomenclature is to ensure that a spoken or written chemical name leaves no ambiguity concerning which chemical compound the name refers to: each chemical name should refer to a single substance.
• Morris Mandel: '"Integrity: A name is the blueprint of the thing we call character. You ask, what's in a name? I answer, just about everything you do."'