The information a performer receives about their performance of a skill, during, before or after a performance
Purpose of Feedback
Motivation : motivates the player to strive for improvement or to reassure the player that progress is happening
Reinforce learning + provide info : feedback used to reinforce learning or performance, to increase chances of behaviour being repeated
Intrinsic Feedback
Received from sensory receptors inside muscles, joints and tendons which provide information about the execution of the skill
Extrinsic Feedback
Received from outside the body - received by the sensory system and is seen, felt, or heard and is delivered by a coach
Knowledge of performance : Subjective feedback that the performer receives regarding the quality of their movement or technique
Knowledge of results : Objective feedback provides the performer with information regarding the success of their performance in achieving the desired outcome
Concurrent extrinsic feedback
provided during the performance via the coach
players use this info to change performance immediately to achieve task at hand
Terminal extrinsic feedback
provided by an external source after the skill has been completed
performers use this feedback to change future performance : cognitive (the sooner the better) and Autonomous (may be beneficial to allow the performer to think and evaluate their performance before providing feedback)
Non-Verbal extrinsic feedback
communicated to the performer without using words - gestures, body language, facial expression and hand gestures
often used simultaneously with verbal feedback
video feedback allows the player to see themselves performing a given skill and to compare it with the desired outcome (expert)
Verbal extrinsic feedback
spoken augmented feedback provided by a coach, following characteristics