Energy Stores and Transfer

• stores of energy?


  nuclear, kinetic, elastic, magnetic, gravitational, electrical, chemical, internal
• 3 thermal energy transfer processes?

  mechanical, thermal, electric
• light always travels in straight lines
• sound is carried by waves and caused by vibrations
• conservation of energy?


  law to state that energy cannot be created or removed
• chemical energy?


  energy stored in bonds which can be released when a chemical change takes place
• thermal energy?


  energy due to the vibrations of particles within a substance
• kinetic energy?


  energy stored in a moving object
• gravitational potential energy?

  energy stored in an object raised above the ground
• elastic potential energy?


  energy stored in an object that has been squashed or stretched
• electrostatic energy?


  the energy stored between charges
• nuclear energy?


  the energy stored within the nucleus of an atom
• magnetic energy?


  the energy stored between magnetic poles
• dissipation - loss of energy to non-useful stores
• conduction?


  transfer of thermal energy through a solid through the vibration of particles or flow of electrons
• convection?


  transfer of thermal energy through a fluid due to changes in density
• insulation - use of materials that are poor thermal conductors to reduce thermal energy transfer
• radiation?


  transfer of energy through infra-red waves
• wave - transfer of energy through vibrations without the transfer of matter
• electromagnetic spectrum - a group of transverse waves which include infra-red waves and visible light waves
• thermal equilibrium?


  if left for long enough in a room, all objects will be at the same temperature (room temperature)
• emit - give off, release, give out (something)
• matte, black surfaces are GOOD emitters of thermal radiation
• silver, shiny (or white) surfaces are POOR emitters of thermal radiation
• houses in hot countries are painted white to reflect infra-red radiationso it's cooler
• matte, black surfaces are good ABSORBERS of thermal radiation
• silver, shiny (or white) surfaces are good REFLECTERS of thermal radiation
• absorb - take in