Periodic Table

• Periodic Table


  • Elements arranged in certain orders
  • Elements going down the table are in groups
  • Elements going across the table are in periods
• The periodic table has labels for metals and non-metals
• Group I: Alkali metals


  1 electron in their outer shell, so very reactive
• Group II: Alkali Earth Metals

  2 electrons in the outer shell
• Alkali metals reacting with water

  Alkali metal + water → Alkali metal hydroxide + hydrogen
• Alkali metals reacting with water

  • Lithium + water → Lithium hydroxide + hydrogen
  • Sodium + water → Sodium hydroxide + hydrogen
• Alkali metals


  • Soft so can be cut
  • Shiny when cut
  • React with oxygen to form an oxide
• Alkali metal reacting with oxygen

  • Lithium + oxygen → Lithium oxide
• Group II: Alkaline earth metals

  Have 2 electrons in their outer shell
• Group VII: Halogens


  7 electrons in outer shell
• Group VIII: Noble gases

  8 electrons in outer shell, so very unreactive
• Ions


  Atoms that have lost or gained electrons
• Be able to predict element ratios according to the periodic table