Space

• Astronomy


  Deals with the universe beyond the earth's atmosphere
• Celestial Objects


  • Planets
  • Stars
  • Moons
  • Comets
  • Asteroids

  
• Before electricity, people used stars for information
• Stars form the calendar

  
• Stars were used for agriculture to set crops at the right time of year
• Newgrange aligns with the sun on the shortest day of the year (Stone age)
• Brahe, Kepler, Copernicus were early astronomers
• Star


  • Consists of a ball of gas
  • Generates/Makes its own heat and light
  • Held together by its own gravity
  • Energy produced by nuclear fusion of Hydrogen gas
• Stars


  • Sun
  • North star
• Planet


  • Orbits around a star
  • Forms a round shape due to its mass and gravity
  • Has cleared the region in its orbit of any other celestial objects

  
• My very educated mother just served us noodles
• YouTube video: Exploring our Solar System
• Moon


  • Natural satellite of a planet
  • Orbits a planet

  
• Moons


  • Earth has 1 moon
  • Jupiter/Saturn have 50 moons
  • Uranus has 20 moons

  
• Asteroid


  • Small rocky body orbiting the sun
  • Not enough mass to cause gravity
  • Known as 'Minor Planet'
  • Most lie between Mars and Jupiter (Asteroid Belt)
  • Few 100m in diameter

  
• Comet


  • Dusty snowball that orbits the sun
  • Made of ice and dust
  • Not a circular path
  • Move towards the sun, a tail is emitted as the sun melts the ice
  • Spend most time at edges of the solar system (Kuiper Belt)
  • 8km diameter

  
• Comets


  • Halley's comet

  
• Solar System


  Sun, Planets, moons, comets, anything affected by the sun's gravity

  
• Solar System


  • Sun is the CENTRE of this system (star)
  • Planets rotate the sun (Orbit)
  • Moons rotate the planets (Orbit)

  
• Galaxy


  Large system of stars held together by gravity

  
• Galaxy


  • Milky way galaxy
• Our sun is only 1 star in the 100 billion stars in the galaxy
• Outer space


  Space between celestial bodies
• Outer space is made up of hydrogen/helium
• Universe


  The area in which we find all the galaxies, stars and solar systems
• Edward Hubble discovered that the universe is expanding


  1929
• Hubble's Law


  Galaxies are moving away from each other. The farther away a galaxy is, the faster it is moving away from us
• Galaxy


  A large system of stars held together by gravity
• Evidence supporting the Big Bang model

  • The universe is still expanding
  • The further away the galaxy is, the faster the galaxy is moving away from us

  
• Hubble's telescope


  • Allows scientists to observe the universe without the earth's atmosphere affecting/distorting its images

  
• Singularity


  A single moment when the entire universe was held within a single zone
• Big Bang


  1. Singularity expanded

  2. Particles came into existence

  3. Light began to travel

  4. Gravity pulled particles together to form matter

  5. Matter became stars, planets etc.

  
• The Big Bang is only one theory of how the universe started