Polish artists in Poland until the rebellion of 1830
Influence of other European artists
1832-1864
Polish artists in exile until the rebellion of 1863
Intensified ideals of national deliverance with messianic ideology
Romanticism is characterized by an emphasis on emotion over reason, individuality over conformity, nature over civilization, and imagination over reality.
Zarist persecution and repression of the group of the “Philomaths”, students of Warsaw and Vilnius (1823-1824), being a part of it Adam Mickiewicz (deported to Russia between 1824-1829).
Failed Polish Uprising of 1830 against the Russians.
Failed Polish Uprising of 1863 against the Russians.
Origin of the Revolutions throughout Europe in 1848 (“Spring of the nations/peoples»).