Chemistry paper 1 practicals

• Describe method to find known metal's place in reactivity series

  Add unknown metal to solution. use thermometer to measure temperature change. Place metals in order of temperature change. Control variables: use same mass of metal, use same volume of solution
• Method to make salt crystals:

  use fixed amount of dilute sulfuric acid to be limiting reactant. Gently heat acid until it's almost boiling. use spatula to add small amounts of copper oxide to acid. Stir solution with glass rod. Stop adding copper oxide if powder remains after stirring. Reaction has stopped because all acid reacted. Use filter funnel to remove unreacted copper oxide. Place copper sulphate in evaporating basin and heat gently. Leave for 24 hours then pat dry
• Method for effect of changing volume of sodium hydroxide on temperature required practical:

  use measuring cylinder to measure 30cm cubed of dilute hydrochloric acid. transfer acid into polystyrene cup. stand polystyrene cup in beaker. use thermometer to measure temperature of acid. use measuring cylinder to measure 5cm cubed of sodium hydroxide solution, transfer to polystyrene cup. Fit plastic lid over cup and place thermometer through hole. Use thermometer to gently stir solution. Record highest temperature. Repeat using different volume of sodium hydroxide
• Why is a polystyrene cup used?

  to reduce heat lost to surroundings
• Titration required practical:

  use pipette to transfer 25 cm cubed of sodium hydroxide solution into conical flask. Add phenolphthalein indicator to sodium hydroxide. Rinse burette with acid and fill acid to zero mark. Titrate acid by placing white tile underneath burette to see colour change. Open tap to let acid drip through. Titration done when phenolphthalein changes from colourless to permanent pink. Repeat titration until volume of acid is concordant