History: Elizabeth

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    Created by
    Alice Parslow

    Subdecks (2)

    Cards (73)

    • Her early life

      Her mother Anne Boelyn was executed by her father when she was 3, traumatised, can't trust men.
      She's a woman.
      Mary I imprisoned Liz in the tower of London.
    • Her early challenges

      She's unmarried with no children.
      People question her ability to rule.
      At war with France and no allies.
      Mary left us in huge debts - people in poverty: rebel.
      She wants to re-establish Protestantism.
    • MRS FIT (M)
      Mary Queen of Scots is next in line to the throne - Liz has no heir.
      Catholic - alternate queen to fight for: threat.
    • MRS FIT (R)
      Religion - Her father had broken from the Catholic Church for divorce.
      Before Liz, Mary tried to restore Catholicism: Liz is Protestant.
      She didn't want to make enemies so she allowed Catholics to follow faith privately - believe she had no right to be queen.
    • MRS FIT (S)
      Succession - Liz is yet to produce an heir.
      1562: Liz almost died of small pox = uncertain future.
    • MRS FIT (F)
      Foreign policy - Many countries saw her as weak and open to attack.
      Spain was Catholic and had the support of the Pope: tensions rise.
    • MRS FIT (I)
      Ireland - Liz considered herself Queen of IRE: many Irish disagreed, Revolt in Northern Ireland 1559.
      She spent thousands of £ to limit the revolt.
    • MRS FIT (T)

      Taxation - Government needed money: done through taxes.
      Poverty: raising taxes was dangerous and unpopular.
    • Cecil 

      Encouraged Liz to take control of Catholic Ireland.
      Encouraged a fight over Catholic rivals in England.
      He played a role in developed the poor laws.
      He served as secretary of state.
    • Walsingham 

      Liz's spy master.
      He played a role in Mary queen of Scots execution.
      He aided the Liz form her status as powerful at sea.
      One of her closest advisors.
    • Parliament 

      Made up of the house of Lord, Bishops but also commoners.
      They suggest and pass laws - raise taxes.
      They only met 10 times.
      Had NO influence - Arguments, She does need them to pass laws but not all.
    • Privy Council 

      They met 3 times a week.
      Made up of the most important men in ENG - her main advisors, 19 men including Cecil.
      Debate current issues.
      YES they had influence - have the most power over the queen, hard to disagree with.
    • The 3 P's (Patronage)
      To show favour, Liz would give male members of her court political positions in her government.
      Very important jobs.
      Often caused rivalries but also caused them to be more loyal: fought to be favoured.
    • The 3 P's (Progresses)
      Most summers Liz travels with her court on progresses, visiting the homes of the nobility: to build relations and flatter nobles.
      Court moves house to house with 400 wagons pilled with clothes, documents even Liz's bed.
      Allows Liz to save money, living in luxury.
    • The 3 P's (Performance)
      The court entertains the queen and her courtiers.
      Lavish banquets, masquerade balls, plays and tournaments - all propaganda.
      The performances followed strict rules and were well rehearsed.
    • Arguments for Marriage 

      Love.
      Alliances with other countries if she married a foreigner.
      If she married an Englishman - powerful men in privy council.
      An heir to deal with the problem succession.
      Protestant: spread
      Catholic: mend tension.
    • Arguments against Marriage 

      Is she queen or wife? - power struggle.
      A foreigner could take all her power.
      Creates jealously in the Privy council.
      She has no trust in men: her dad killed her mother.
      Protestant: anger Catholic.
      Catholic: anger Protestant.
    • Duke Francis of Anjou 

      Could lead to influence in France: he is heir to the French throne.
      HOWEVER - Liz is now 46 and beyond children: she could die.
      If she died, ENG would fall under French control. He is catholic so this will anger Prots.
    • Robert Dudley 

      Her childhood friend.
      A scandal of his wife's death made their marriage impossible.
      He is a key figure in the royal court - would create jealously in the Privy council.
    • The Golden age (Yes)

      Peace, power and pride - Before Henry VII became king, England experienced years of chaos and even under Mary I, England experienced turmoil.
      When Liz came to the throne, She established a long reign of peace and order.
      People were now far happier, they felt safe and proud to be English.
    • The Golden age (Yes)
      Growth is popularity for Art and Architecture - Liz was fond of portraits which included symbolisms: Liz would hold a globe to represent her power and control. The most powerful ruler.
      People where excited by new things - makes them feel safe as ruler of the world.
    • Golden age (No)

      Low life expectancy rates - At this time, illnesses where often lethal due to the lack of medical science advancements.
      People were dying and Liz didn't know how to deal with this.
    • Gentry 

      Do not work - live off rents.
      £10-200 a year.
      Own land in the countryside - ££
      Other jobs - JP's, Parliament, knight.
    • Nobility 

      Have the right to wear a sword.
      Dukes, Earls, Barons.
      Most respected men in society.
      Own land.
      Born into it, earn 6,000 a year.
    • Wealthy Elizabethan's house 

      E shape house in honour of the Queen.
      Chimneys: lots of rooms to heat.
      leaded glass = expensive.
      Large estate.
    • Fashion in the Elizabethan Era
      Pale face: shows they did not work.
      Ruffs: a piece of clothing around the neck.
      Blackened teeth: ate lots of sugar = rich.
      Shoes made out of leather = rich.
      Bum roll: wide hips / space / no hurry = rich.
    • William Shakespeare 

      He wrote 37 plays under Liz's reign.
      The Globe theatre.
    • Theatre 

      For rich and poor. 20,000 visits a week.
      Rich: sat higher up - Great Chain of Being. The lord room: behind stage, to show off.
      Poor: 1p to stand in the yard. 6-700 standing.
    • Theatre Before Liz 

      No theatres.
      Plays in inns.
      Government did not like it - beggars.
    • Theatre during Liz 

      Law to give actors licenses.
      1576 - first theatre built.
      End of her reign - 7 theatres, 40 acting troupes.
      Only men actors: had to play women.
    • Opposition to Theatre 

      Saw it as sinful - drunk, crime.
      Disease - spread germs.
      Puritans campaigned for them to be closed down: Liz enjoyed it so they didn't.
    • Causes of poverty (Over population)
      Population remained fairly stable since the Black death but rose by 43% between 1550 and 1600 during Elizabeth's reign.
      Huge pressure on resources. food prices rose - inflation.
      Shortage of jobs for people.
    • Causes of poverty (Poor harvests)
      Disastrous harvests = dearth conditions = shortness of food.
      Threat of famine puts prices up higher.
      Rank renting - greedy landlords take money from poor.
      Sheep farming over human farming - people unemployed and homeless.
    • Causes of Poverty (Monasteries)
      Monasteries provide shelter for poor, orphans, sick.
      Henry VII dissolved them - what happens to these people now?
      Poor people went to towns and cites to beg or look for jobs.
      Poverty everywhere: Government have to do something.
    • Poor groups 

      Anglers: Carry a long stick - steal clothes from washing lines. Sell = ££.
      Ruffler: looked like an army officer, robbed people at gunpoint.
      Abraham man: pretended to be mad, walked around half-naked and made wailing noises - sympathy.
    • Local measures to solve poverty
      London: established several hospitals. St Bartholemews for the sick, St Thomas for the old.
      York: there was an increase in beggars, expected to work - sent to House of correction or back home.
      Ipswich: open hospitals for old and sick.
    • The Poor Laws

      1601 The Act for the Relief of the Poor: Everyone had to pay towards the poor rate.
      People who refused could be fined and imprisoned.
      Begging was forbidden - whipped and then hanged.
    • How successful were the Poor Laws
      + Begging did seem to decrease. The Poor Laws remained until the 19th century.
      -- Each area was responsible for its own poor: led to arguments, which poor belonged to who. Inconsistent.
    • Religious Settlement (Happy Catholics) 

      Pope is head of the church. Still allowed to practice their religion. Candlesticks and crosses on the table.
    • Religious Settlement (Happy Protestants) 

      Protestant is the main religion in England. No longer being burnt like they were under Mary.
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