Musculoskeletal

• One of the functions of a bone is to

  produce blood cells
• Bones contain yellow marrow that is composed mainly of

  fat
• The external covering of the bone that contains osteoblasts and blood vessels is termed the

  periosteum
• Skeletal muscles are attached to bones by

  tendons
• Joints may be classified as cartilaginous, synovial, or


  fibrous
• Bones in synovial joints are joined together by

  ligaments
• When the nurse moves the client's arm away from the midline of the body, the nurse is performing


  abduction
• When the nurse moves a client's leg upward, the nurse is performing


  supination
• The subacromial bursae are contained in the


  shoulder joint
• Articulation between the head of the femur and the acetabulum is in the

  hip joint
• Type of rigidity characterized by jerky movements with passive stretching

  Cogwheel
• Crackling sound or sensation heard or felt with joint movement

  Crepitus
• Movement that brings a limb into or toward a bent condition

  Flexion
• Inflammation of the bursa

  Bursitis
• Abnormal convexity of the posterior curve of spine

  Kyphosis
• Movement bringing a limb into or toward a straight condition

  Extension
• Backward bending or flexion of a joint

  Dorsiflexion
• Moving limbs toward median plane of body

  Adduction
• Type of flexion associate with foot extension

  Plantar
• Tenderness or pain in the muscle


  Myalgia
• A client visits the clinic and tells the nurse that she has joint pain in her hands, especially in the morning. The nurse should assess the client further for signs and symptoms of

  arthritis
• A client with insulin-dependent diabetes visits the clinic and complains of painful hip joints. The nurse should assess the client carefully for signs and symptoms of

  osteomyelitis
• A female client visits the clinic that she began menarche at the age of 16 years. The nurse should instruct the client is at a higher risk for

  osteoporosis
• The nurse is planning a presentation on osteoporosis to a group of high school students. Which of the following should the nurse plan to include in the presentation?

  Moderate strenuous exercise tends to increase bone density
• The nurse is caring for an adult client who is in a cast because of a fractured arm. To promote healing of the bone and tissue, the nurse should instruct the client to eat a diet that is high in

  vitamin C
• An adult client tells the nurse that he eats sardines every day. The nurse should instruct the client that a diet high in purines can contribute to

  gouty arthritis
• A client tells the nurse that his grandmother had a diagnosis of osteomalacia. The nurse should instruct the client that to decrease the risk factors for osteomalacia, the clients should have adequate amounts of

  vitamin D
• The nurse is preparing to perform a musculoskeletal examination on an adult client. The nurse has explained the examination procedure to the client. The nurse determines that the client needs further instructions when the client says

  "You'll continue with range of motion even if I have discomfort."
• While assessing muscle strength in an older adult client, the nurse determines that the client's knee joint has a rating of 3 and exhibits active motion against gravity. The nurse should document the client's muscle strength as being/having

  average weakness
• While assessing an adult client's jaw, the nurse hears a clicking popping sound, and the client expresses pain in the joint. The nurse should further assess the client for

  TMJ dysfunction
• While examining the spine of an adult client, the nurse notes that the client has a flattened lumbar curvature. The nurse should refer the client to a physician for possible


  herniated disc
• The nurse is assessing the spine of an adult client and detects lateral curvature of the thoracic spine with an increase in convexity on the left curved side. The nurse suspects that the client is experiencing

  scoliosis
• A client visits the clinic and tells the nurse that he has had lower back pain for the past several days. To perform Lasègue test, the nurse should ask the client to

  lie flat and raise his leg to the point of pain
• An older adult client visits the clinic and tells the nurse that she has had shooting pain in both of her legs. The nurse should assess the client for signs and symptoms of

  herniated intervertebral disc
• While assessing the range of motion in an adult client's shoulders, the client expresses pain and exhibits limited abduction and muscle weakness. The nurse plans to refer the client to a physician for possible

  rotator cuff tear
• While assessing an older adult client, the client complains of chronic pain and severe limitation of all shoulder movements. The nurse should refer the client to a physician for possible

  calcified tendinitis
• A client visits the clinic and tells the nurse that after playing softball yesterday, he thinks his knee is "locking up." The nurse should perform the McMurray test by asking the client to

  flex the knee and hip while in a supine position
• While assessing the elbow of an adult client, the client complains of pain and swelling. The nurse should further assess the client for

  arthritis
• While reviewing a client's chart before seeing the client for the first time, the nurse notes that the client has a diagnosis of Dupuytren contracture. The nurse anticipates that the client will exhibit

   

  inability to extend the ring and little finger
• While assessing the musculoskeletal system of an adult client, the nurse observes hard painless nodules over the distal interphalangeal joints. The nurse should document the presence of

  osteoarthritis