MODULE 9

• conservation 


  an approach to sustaining living systems
• conservation


  the planned management of natural resources; the retention of natural balance, diversity, and evolutionary change in the environment
• restoration 


  for partially damaged habitats; bring back; accelerate the recovery
• active restoration


  the use of active measures
• example of active restoration


  planting a tree to stabilize soil
• passive restoration


  removing a source of disturbance
• example of passive restoration


  removing invasive species
• rehabilitation


  for completely damaged habitats; to partially/fully replace or substitute
• examples of rehabilitation


  addition of substrate, introducing new species
• UNCED

  United Nations Conference on Environment and Development
• The Rio Conference or Earth Summit


  about issues relating to sustainability and conservation
• UNFCCC


  Framework Convention on Climate Change
• 4 Major Agreements on Rio Conference

  1. Declaration on environment and development (citing rights and responsibilities of individual states)
  2. Convention on climate change
  3. Agenda 21 (wide-ranging objectives and approaches for sustainable development)
  4. Convention on Biological Diversity
• 4 Major Agreements was

  -signed by 155 states

  -US Pres. George Bush Sr. did not sign
• 1992 United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)


  conservation of biological diversity, sustainable use of its components, and fair and equitable sharing
• CBD


  first global initiative to address biological diversity
• RA 7586


  National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act
• protected area


  identified portions of land and water set aside by reason of their unique physical and biological significance; a clearly defined geographical space, recognized, dedicated, and managed through legal or other effective means
• Act No. 3915 (1932)


  declaration of first national park in 1933 (Mt. Arayat)
• September 1, 1992


  creation of first Philippine Council for Sustainable Development (PCSD)
• September 26, 1996


  Philippine Agenda 21 (PA 21)
• Classification of Protected Areas

  1. Strict Nature Reserve
  2. National Park
  3. National Monument
  4. Wildlife Sanctuary
  5. Protected Landscapes and Seascapes
• Strict Nature Reserve


  with flora and fauna of national scientific importance
• National Park 


  forest reserve with natural wilderness
• Natural Monument 


  small area to protect nationally significant natural features
• Wildlife Sanctuary


  assures natural conditions to protect nationally significant species
• Protected Landscapes and Seascapes


  characterized by the harmonious interaction of man and land while providing opportunities for public enjoyment through recreation and tourism
• Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)


  overall manager of protected areas in the Philippines
• Natural Resource Management


  the sustainable utilization of major natural resources
• Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs)

  • threatened biodiversity
  • geographically restricted biodiversity
  • ecological integrity
  • irreplaceable
• Community-based Natural Resource Management


  a group of people (usually in rural areas) manage the use of resources in their defined area using communal facilities
• goals of community-based natural resource management

  1. Generate income that can be used for rural development
  2. Promote democracy and good governance in local institutions
• Integrated Natural Resource Management

  involves the collaboration and coordination of various sectors and stakeholders to sustainably manage natural resources, while also meeting the needs of local communities and addressing broader societal goals
• Integrated Natural Resource Approaches (4)

  1. Integrated water resource management
  2. Ecosystem approach
  3. Integrated coastal zone management (ICZM)
  4. Forest landscape protection
• National Greening Program (NGP)

  aims to plant 1.5 million hectares of land in the public domain in over 6 years (2011-2016)