history- Crime and Punishment

• In the year 1000 what was the population of England?

  1.7-2 million
• What 3 trends were there in Anglo Saxon England that were important to crime and punishment?

  Kings- Power , Role of Church and Punishment increased
• What were the 4 main groups of society in anglo Saxon society?

  King, Nobles, Freemen, Serfs
• Law and order in Norman England- What punishments changed?

  • A guilty person was now expected to pay a fine to the court and the king instead of the family
  • Trials could be decided by combat
• What was the Norman style feudal system?

  A way of organising society into different groups based on their roles. With the King at the top with all of the control and the peasants at the bottom doing all of the work.
• Changes under the Normans- What are two crimes/
• Changes under the Normans- What are two crimes?

  Poaching- illegal to hunt in newly defined forests

  Leaving home- illegal for serfs to leave the Lords village
• Changes under the Normans- Name an enforcement?

  Local policing now carried out by Normans
• Changes under the Normans- What are two punishments?

  Mudrum fine- fines for murdering a Norman paid by community

  Death penalty- Introduced for poaching
• Why did the King introduce poaching as a cime?

  King wanted exclusive hunting rights
• What was the reason for introducing the new crime for leaving home?

  Change in society- feudal system
• Continuity under the Normans- Name two crimes that continued?

  Stealing or theft- crime against a person

  Murder- Crime against a person
• Continuity under the Normans- Name an enforcement which stayed?

  Hue and cry system still used because most people still live in close knit villages
• Continuity under the Normans- List two punishments still used and why?

  Stocks or pillory remained for petty crimes to humiliate and public deterrent

  Beating and maiming remained for serious crimes
• Case study- Influence of the church, What is the statute of Labourers?


  A new law made it a crime to ask for higher wages 1351 to protect the rich h
• Influence of the Church- What is Heresy?


  A new law made disagreeing with the teachings of the church a crime.
• Influence of the church- Enforcement, change. When was the Coroners and Justice of the peace introduced and why?

  1194 to investigate suspicious deaths
• Name a change in punishment for high treason?

  Hung drawn coutered
• Why was the church so powerful in medieval times?

  People were afraid of going to hell
• What was a social crime?

  Seen as unfair and was often taken less seriously
• Punishment- What is Retribution?

  This was when the punishment given to someone was intended to get revenge for their crime. Examples include blood feud, mutilation and the death penalty.
• What is deterence?

  This was when the punishment given to someone was intended to discourage them and others from committing further crime.
• What is an example of a deterrence?


  Public whipping, stocks and pillory, transportation and the health penalty.
• What is Rehabilitation or reform?


  This was when the punishment given to someone was intended to help improve their character and give them the opportunity to contribute positively to society.
• Give an example of rehabilitation or reform?

  Prison and community service
• What is a tithing?

  A group of ten male adults
• What year was medieval England?

  1250-1500
• What year is Renaissance England?

  1500-1700
• What year was the industrial revolution?

  1700-1900
• What year is modern Britain?

  1900- present
• Early modern England- The church continued to be influential in early modern England where its influence continued until after what?

  The reformation
• Anglo Saxon, Norman and medieval England- Key events?

  1066- Battle of hastings

  1068- Forest law

  1215- Trial by ordeal abolished in England
• Early Modern England- What were Vagabonds?

  Homeless people- due to the rising population and fewer jobs meaning that more people were looking for work.
• Early Modern England- Vagabonds, Between what years were a series of Vagrancy Acts introudced?

  1531 and 1598
• Early Modern England- Why were Vagrancy acts introduced?

  To deter others from committing similar crimes. The bible taught that 'The devil makes work for idle hands' So people were concerned that Vagrants out of work would be more likely to commit crime.
• Early Modern England- Crime, WITCHCRAFT, Between 1645-47 there was a large increase in cases of Witchcraft. Under reigns of Henry VIII and James I laws against witchcraft became stricter and those found guilty were punishable how?

  By death
• Early Modern England- ENFORCEMENT- Watchmen were introduced in large towns to do what?


  Patrol the streets day and night, expected to arrest drunks and vagabonds, poorly paid.
• Early Modern England- ENFORCEMENT- Manor courts still dealt with minor local crimes what became an important role of local enforcement?

  Justices of the peace became an important tole
• Early Modern England- ENFORCEMENT- The habeas Corpus act of 1679 meant that everyone arrested to appear?


  In court or to be released
• Early modern England- PUNISHMENT- Those found guilty of heresy would be what?

  Burnt at the stake