POLGOV 4TH QRTR 2

• Fiscal Autonomy 


  the ability of a government agency to manage its own finances independently.
• Decentralization 


  Refers to the transfer of the powers and responsibilities of state institutions to local governments, which makes local autonomy possible. Helps them become free from influence
• RA 7160 or Local Government Code (1991)


  The law constitutes the most radical decentralization of the country.
• Barangay Government


  The basic unit of local government in the Philippines. Population: at least 2000, 5000 for highly urbanized areas. Executive: punong barangay, legislative: sangguniang barangay, arbitration body: lupong tagapamayapa.
• Municipal Government


  Also known as bayan. Has a population of at least 25,000. Average income is 2.5 million for at least 2 years. Has adjacent lands of at least 50 sqkm. Municipal mayor (chief executive), Sangguniang bayan (Legislative, konsehal, headed by Municipal vice mayor)
• City Government


  Has a population of at least 150,000. Average annual income is 20 million for at least 2 years. Has an adjacent lands of at least 100 sq km. Chief executive: City mayor, Legislative: Sangguniang panlungsod - vice mayor.
• Component city


  considered part of a province. (Ex: Legazpi City, Isabela City)
• Independent Component City


  administratively independent from the province for being highly developed (ex: Naga City, General Santos City)
• Highly urbanized city


  similar with independent but with bigger population (200,000) and income (50million for a year). (ex: Quezon City, Cebu City, Cagayan De Oro City)
• Provincial government 


  Composed of municipalities and cities. Governor serves as the chief executive. Sangguniang panlalawigan is composed of board members or bokal, presided by the vice governor.
• Regions


  Composed of provinces that share common territory, cultural and historical ties. There are 17 regions at present.
• Autonomous regions


  They are entitled to a certain degree of political integrity and develop policies and projects which address their distinct needs. Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM)
• Electoral process


  The manner by which election is being conducted in a particular case.
• Elections


  are the process by which voters in a country select the officials who will exercise the powers of government for a period fixed by law.
• Suffrage


  Or the right to vote is a key element of electoral process
• Requirements for suffrage


  All citizens of the Philippines, 18 years of age, resided in the Philippines for at least one year and in the place wherein they propose to vote for at least six months immediately preceding the elections.
• Persons deprived of liberty (pdl)


  They are allowed to vote unless they are sentenced with “final judgement” to be imprisoned for not less than a year.
• Overseas Absentee Voting Act


  provides on absentee voting system for Filipino Citizens residing or working outside of the Philippines who are qualified voters
• Local absentee voting


  May be granted to certain government officials, police, afp members, members of the media
• Plurality system


  The candidate who gets the number of votes is elected to office. Yet the more candidates are against each other, the less chances that the elected has actually the majority of the votes.
• Proportional system


  A candidate who must gain a required number of votes (quota) in order to be elected.
• Primary system


  A preliminary election, or primary election, is conducted within political parties to determine their candidates who will run in the general election. Popular within parties.
• Run-off system


  Elections are held in stages to determine the eventual winner.
• Political party


  A group of people organized to participate in elections and hold power in government, and its members advocate a specific set of policies, programs and ideologies. The Philippines follow a multi-party system
• Political turncoatism 


  the act of changing party affiliation by a candidate. It is deeply imbedded in the country’s political culture as most aspiring politicians only use political parties as financial vehicles and machinery during elections.