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PAPER ONE
Infection and response (3)
Immune system
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Cards (8)
First line of defence:
Physical
and
chemical
barriers, like the
skin
Body
secretions,
like
mucus
Acid
(in stomach)
Host defence
peptides,
like
lysozyme
(an enzyme)
Commensal microorganisms (do no
harm
)
Cillia
Second line of defence:
Inflammation
Phagocytes
What is an
antigen
?
Cell surface marker
that causes and
immune response
What is an antibody?
proteins
produces by
white blood cells
White blood cells can:
Ingest
pathogens
and
destroy
them
Produce
antibodies
to destroy
pathogens
Produce
antitoxins
that
neutralise
the toxins released by the pathogens
What happens at part A in phagocytosis?
The bacterium is
engulfed
by the phagocyte.
What happens at stage B during phagocytosis?
Enzymes
are poured into the
food
vacuole
and the bacterium is
destroyed.
What happens at stage C during phagocytosis?
Food
vacuole
is produced.