information processing

• Information processing


  Making decisions based on gathering information (stimuli) from your senses, such as what you see and hear. Prioritising the important stimuli to make a suitable decision

  
• Information processing

  1. Input

  2. Decision making

  3. Output

  4. Feedback

  
• Input


  The information received from your senses (display) via selective attention
• Selective attention


  Focusing on the important information (stimuli). When performing a skill there can be a lot of information around you. You have little time to select the relevant information and ignore the irrelevant
• Decision making


  The selection of an appropriate response using the information (input) and what is stored in the long-term memory
• Long-term memory


  Information that has been rehearsed and stored for future reference. The more you practice, the more information about a skill or technique is stored in the memory and can be recalled in the future
• Short-term memory


  A working memory you use while completing a skill. E.g. attention to your opponent's position when passing a ball in rugby
• Output


  The information you send to your muscles to carry out the response
• Feedback


  A review of your response, can be intrinsic or extrinsic
• Intrinsic feedback


  Feedback within the performer, they understand how the movement feels from feedback from the muscles
• Extrinsic feedback


  Feedback from outside the performer, important as someone watching the skill can observe and explain what needs to be done to correct it
• Miss-kick in football

  • Input: The player uses selective attention to see the ball coming towards him
  • Decision making: From past experience he decides what position to get into and when to move the body
  • Output: He moves into position and swings his foot at the ball
  • Feedback: He misses the ball, receives intrinsic feedback that his non kicking foot was too close leaving him unbalanced
• KO punch in boxing


  • Input: A boxer sees that his opponent has his guard down and throws a right hand
  • Decision making: From past experience he decides what position to get into and when and how to throw the punch
  • Output: He moves into position ready to throw a right-hand punch
  • Feedback: He successfully knocked out his opponent, receives intrinsic feedback on how the movement felt and the position of himself and his opponent

  
• Conversion kick (rugby)


  • Input: A rugby player uses selective attention to block out the crowd and focus on the angle of the kick and the wind speed
  • Decision making: From past experience he decides to kick the ball slightly left of the near post
  • Output: He positions himself to kick the ball
  • Feedback: He kicked the ball straight through the posts, receives intrinsic feedback on how the movement felt and the flight of the ball