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• Mental Health


  Includes our emotional, psychological, and social well-being; it affects how we think, feel, and act as we cope with life; it also helps determine how we handle stress, relate to others, and make choices; it is important at every stage of life, from childhood and adolescence through adulthood
• Mental health (1999 US Surgeon General's Report)


  Successful performance of mental function, resulting in productive activities, fulfilling relationships with other people, and the ability to change and to cope with adversity
• Mental health (World Health Organization 2001)


  Defined differently by different experts from different cultures; concepts include subjective well-being, perceived self-efficacy, autonomy, competence, and intergenerational dependence
• Concepts of mental health


  • Subjective well-being
  • Perceived self-efficacy
  • Autonomy
  • Competence
  • Intergenerational dependence
• Subjective well-being


  One's personal (subjective) thoughts and feelings about one's overall state of being; mental health denotes positive and healthy interpretations of a person's self-concept, and how a person feels about himself; positive warm regard for oneself serves as a foundation of mental health
• Perceived self-efficacy


  One's perception of one's value and worth, effectiveness, and ability in performing a task or activity
• Autonomy


  One's capacity to separate one's identity from other significant people; the capacity for self-direction and having a clearly defined role identity; it is crucial as it defines how a person interacts with other people and the environment
• Competence


  The perception of one's capacity to perform effectively a function or activity using specific skills and knowledge and achieving the desired results at a given time
• Intergenerational dependence


  Relationships between individuals who belong to different generations providing for each other's many needs, such as financial assistance, nursing care, and emotional support
• "Empty Nest"


  The phenomenon where intergenerational dependence may continue even if the members of the family are already living separately; when the children have all grown up, are pursuing their own dreams, and forming their own nests, their parents, who may already be retired by then, are usually left at home
• Self-actualization


  The key characteristics of self-actualized individuals: they have acceptance of their reality and have compassion to help solve problems of other people and society in general; they are spontaneous with their thoughts and behavior, and are open to change
• Self-Efficacy


  A person with low self-esteem may exhibit types of behavior that are self-destructive or self-sabotaging; low self-esteem produces thoughts that say one is not worthy of being loved or not adequate to be somebody's friend; on the other hand, a person with healthy self-concept will move toward self-fulfillment and self-actualization, have healthy relationships, and live and fulfilling lives
• Self-Actualized Person


  They have strong need for privacy and solitude as they continue to strive, fulfilling their potentials; they are highly appreciative of events and people and maintain their awe and wonder of the things around them; they may often experience peak experiences of intense joy and happiness which generate inspiration and strength
• Mental Health and Wellbeing Model by Witmer and Sweeny (1991)


  • Essence or Spirituality
  • Work and Leisure
  • Friendship
  • Love
  • Self-Direction
• 12 subtasks as major components of wellness and well-being that comprise the Wheel of Wellness


  • Sense of Worth
  • Sense of Control
  • Realistic Beliefs
  • Emotional Awareness and Coping
  • Problem Solving and Creativity
  • Sense of Humor
  • Nutrition
  • Physical Exercise
  • Self-Care
  • Stress Management
  • Gender Identity
  • Cultural Identity
• Maintaining good mental health and well-being requires resiliency and adaptability, two important skills that need to be developed in every person, particularly the adolescent
• Resiliency


  The capacity to establish and maintain one's balance and well-being in the face of adversity; the ability to get back on one's feet after a disaster or a crisis
• Adaptability


  The capacity to adjust to changes necessary for one's survival and balance
• Five popular steps to improve mental health and well-being (National Health Service of the United Kingdom)


  • Connect
  • Be Active
  • Keep Learning
  • Give to Others
  • Take Notice
• Relationship


  The way in which two or more people, groups, countries, etc., talk to, behave toward, and deal with each other; the way in which two or more people or things are connected
• Types of Relationship


  • Business Transactional Relationship
  • Professional Relationship
  • Family Relationship
  • Friendly Relationship
  • Romantic Relationship
• Personal Relationship


  More intimate; close with; bond regularly; family, friends, best friends, and romantic partner
• Social Relationship


  Less intimate; casual; meet rarely or occasionally; neighbors, classmates, group members, and community
• Elements of Personal Relationship

  • Attachment
  • Attraction
  • Chemical Basis of Love
• Attachment


  Our succeeding relationships in the future are all shaped to a large extent by our attachment to our parents
• Types of Attachment


  • Secure Attachment
  • Avoidant Attachment
  • Anxious-Ambivalent Attachment
• Secure Attachment


  When the primary caregiver is most of the time present and available and when all the emotional needs of an infant are met, providing a sense of security to the infant
• Avoidant Attachment


  When the primary caregiver is cold and detached, and even unresponsive to a child's needs; the child senses rejection and this often leads to premature detachment and self-reliance
• Anxious-Ambivalent Attachment


  When the primary caregiver is not consistent in terms of presence and in meeting a child's emotional needs
• Attraction


  When attraction between two persons is discussed, it is often understood as based on physical appearance; while this might be true to a certain extent, there is more to attraction than what we already know
• Chemical Basis of Love

  • Lust
  • Attraction
  • Attachment
• Lust


  Driven by the sex hormones, Testosterone, and Estrogen which affect both sexes
• Attraction


  The love-struck phase, which involves neurotransmitters in the brain such as Dopamine, Norepinephrine, and Serotonin
• Attachment


  When the couple in love decides to continue with the relationship, they enter the attachment stage where long-lasting commitments are exchanged and may lead to rising a family; special hormones are also secreted during this stage, such as Oxytocin and Vasopressin
• Theories Related to Attraction and Liking

  • Transference Effect
  • Propinquity Effect
  • Similarity
  • Reciprocity
  • Physical Attractiveness
  • Personality Characteristics and Traits
• Transference Effect


  There are times we meet people who we immediately like or dislike; usually, these people remind us of someone in the past who has affected our sense of self and our behavior
• Propinquity Effect


  Proximity as a factor why we like a person; we often develop a sense of familiarity with people who live close to us, work with us, or go to school with us, which lead us to liking them more
• Similarity


  We often like people who we have similarities with, such as social class background, religious beliefs, age, and education; we are often attracted to like-minded persons and those who have similar beliefs and values as ours
• Reciprocity


  We like people who like us back; reciprocity is a stronger basis for liking another than similarity
• Physical Attractiveness


  A major factor in liking someone, and usually, first impression counts a lot