Uts

• Eight fundamental Emotions Based on Plutchik's (1980)


  • Joy
  • Trust
  • Fear
  • Surprise
  • Sadness
  • Disgust
  • Anger
  • Anticipation
• Emotions


  • Subjective experience
  • Physiological response
  • Behavioral response (feelings)
• Feelings


  A conscious, specific and subjective response or expression
• Social Psychology


  • The study of individuals as they interact with others
  • The study of how thoughts, feelings, perceptions, and behaviors are influenced by the presence of, or interactions with, others
  • The study of the effect of social factors on individual behavior, attitudes, perceptions, and motives
• Interaction


  Exchange of communication or action between two or more persons
• Relationship


  A particular way by which two or more individuals deal with each other. There exists a connection, kinship, or attachment attributable to several factors such as common interests and goals, which lead to a mutual bond
• Social norms


  Written, but mostly, unwritten rules of beliefs, practices, attitudes, and behaviors considered socially acceptable to a culture. They provide us with sets of expectations regarding how one should behave within a particular social group
• Conformity


  Everyone does, even when no direct request has been made
• Person perception


  In psychology, this refers to forming impressions and making judgments about another person's likability after your first meeting
• Social roles


  Your part or position in a society
• Social norms


  How you behave as a member of the group
• Familiarity within relationships

  Refers to being comfortable with another person
• Attraction


  According to Santrock (2003), attraction may lead to deeper relationships. One person may be drawn to another due to reasons like similarities or differences in interests, etc.
• Love


  A special attachment one has for himself/herself or for somebody else
• Common Types of Love

  • Fatuous Love
  • Affectionate Love
  • Romantic Love
  • Consummate Love
• Fatuous Love


  Commitment and passion are present while intimacy or liking is absent. It is exemplified by an unstable relationship where passion motivates a commitment without the stabilizing influence of intimacy
• Affectionate Love


  aka, companionate love, it occurs when someone has deep and caring affection for a person and desires to have that person near constantly. Involves intimacy and commitment, but lacking in passion
• Romantic Love


  aka, passionate love, it includes an intermingling of different emotions such as fear, anger, joy, jealousy, sexual desire, etc. Involves intimacy and passion, but may lack commitment. Sometimes it leads to marriage
• Consummate Love


  Involves passion, intimacy, and commitment. It is the strongest and fullest type of love according to Sternberg (1985)
• Attitudes


  Refer to beliefs, feelings, or behavioral tendencies a person has toward attitude objects, i.e., person, place, thing, or idea. Can either be positive or negative
• Persuasion & Attitude Change


  Attitudes are not permanent. They can be modified even after they have been formed. Persuasive communication plays a huge part in the change process. The extent of change depends on the speaker, the message, and the listener
• ABC Model of Attitudes

  • A for Affective Component - this involves a person's feelings/emotions toward the attitude object
  • B for Behavioral - this involves a person's way of acting or behaving around the attitude object
  • C for Cognitive - this involves a person's belief/knowledge about the attitude object
• Stereotyping


  These are oversimplified generalizations in which the same traits or characteristics are assumed to be possessed by all members of a group
• Prejudice


  An unjustified or incorrect attitude towards an individual based solely on the individual's membership to a social group
• Discrimination


  The acting out (intentionally or unintentionally) of an unacceptable attitude towards an individual or group of people, on the basis of sex/race/social class, etc.
• Moral Development Theory


  Lawrence Kohlberg proposed three levels of moral reasoning progression with each level split into two, totaling six stages
• Levels of Moral Reasoning

  • Pre-Conventional Morality
  • Conventional Morality
  • Post-Conventional Morality
• Pre-Conventional Morality


  Morality is externally controlled. Rules imposed by authority figures are conformed to in order to avoid punishment or receive rewards
• Stages of Pre-Conventional Morality

  • Obedience and Punishment Orientation
  • Instrumental Orientation
• Obedience and Punishment Orientation

  Behavior is determined by consequences. The individual will obey in order to avoid punishment
• Instrumental Orientation


  Behavior is still determined by consequences; however, the individual now focuses on receiving rewards or satisfying personal needs
• Conventional Morality


  Conformity to social rules shifts from self-interest to relationships with other people and social systems. The individual strives to support rules that are set forth by others in order to win their approval or to maintain social order
• Stages of Conventional Morality

  • Good Boy, Nice Girl Orientation
  • Law and Order Orientation
• Good Boy, Nice Girl Orientation


  Behavior is determined by social approval. The individual wants to maintain or gain the approbation of others by being seen as a "good person"
• Law and Order Orientation


  Social rules and laws determine behavior. The individual now recognizes the importance of rules and laws in maintaining social order
• Post-Conventional Morality


  The individual moves beyond the perspective of his or her own society
• Stages of Post-Conventional Morality

  • Social-Contract Orientation (human rights)
  • Universal Ethical Principles Orientation
• Social-Contract Orientation (human rights)

  The individual views laws and rules as flexible tools for improving human condition, recognizing the possibility of having exceptions to rules
• Universal Ethical Principles Orientation


  The highest form of functioning and most individuals will never reach this stage. Reasoning involves taking into consideration every individual that could be directly affected by a decision