Skeletal

• Skeletal System

  Protects and supports body organs and provides a framework the muscles use to support movement. Made up of bones and joints
• Skeleton


  derived from the Greek word, meaning dried.
• Joint


  It is an area where two bones come together.
• Functions of Skeletal System

  support, protection, movement, storage, blood cell production
• Collagen


  tough, ropelike protein
• Proteoglycans


  large molecules consisting of many polysaccharides attaching to and encircling core proteins
• Tendons and Ligaments


  Where is dense regular connective tissue found?
• hydroxyapatite


  Hardy crystals consisting of calcium and phosphate that form the bone matrix.
• brittle bone disease (osteogenesis imperfecta)

  imperfect bone formation; a rare disorder caused by any one of the faulty genes that results in either too little or poor quality collagen production

  
• Long Bones


  longer than they are wide, their shape enhances their function in movement of appendages
• Short Bones


  Approximately as wide as they are long; examples are bones of wrist and ankles

  
  

  they help transfer force between long bones
• Flat Bones


  relatively thin, flattened shape; well suited to provide a strong barrier around soft organs
• Irregular Bones


  include bones of the vertebrae and facial bones, whose shapes that do not fit readily in other categories
• Diaphysis


  shaft of a long bone

  
• Epiphysis


  End of a long bone

  
• Articular Cartilage


  covers the ends of the epiphyses where the bone articulates with other bones

  
• Epiphyseal Plate


  Growth plate, made of cartilage, gradually ossifies

  
• Epiphyseal Line


  When bone stops growing in length, the epiphyseal plate becomes ossified and called __________

  
• Medullary Cavity


  cavity within the shaft of the long bones filled with bone marrow
• Yellow Marrow


  soft, fatty material found in the medullary cavity of long bones

  
• Red marrow


  thick, bloodlike material found in flat bones and the ends of long bones; location of blood cell formation

  
• Periosteum


  Dense connective tissue covering the surface of a bone
• Endosteum


  membranous lining of the hollow cavity of the bone
• Osteoblasts


  bone forming cells
• Osteoclasts


  Bone-destroying cells
• Osteocyte


  bone cell
• Bone reabsorption


  accomplished by osteoclasts
• Lamellae


  bone is formed in thin sheets of extracellular matrix called _________ with osteocytes located between the lamellae
• Lacunae


  small spaces between the lamellae which contain osteocytes
• Canaliculi


  tiny canals, radiate from the central canal to lacunae, form a transport system connecting all bone cells to a nutrient supply
• Compact Bone


  also called cortical bone which is mostly solid, dense part of a bone
• Spongy Bone


  also called cancellous bone which consists of a lacy network of bone with many small, narrow-filled spaces
• Compact Bone


  forms the perimeter of the diaphysis of a long bone and the thinner surfaces of all other bones
• Osteon


  structural unit of compact bone

  
• Central Canal


  each osteon consist of concentric rings of lamellae surrounding the ____________
• Spongy Bone


  located in the epiphyses of long bones and lines the medullary cavity of long bones
• Trabeculae


  the irregular latticework of thin bony plates in spongy bone tissue
• Ossification


  is the formation of bone by osteoblasts
• Intramembranous ossification


  bone formation that occurs within connective tissue membranes
• Endochondral ossification


  bone formation that occurs inside hyaline cartilage