States

• Particle theory


  All matter is made up of tiny particles that are constantly in motion due to their kinetic energy
• Variation in kinetic energy between different substances results in different states of matter
• States of matter


  • Solid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
• Particles in a solid

  • Remain in a fixed position
  • Vibrate
• Solids


  • Have a fixed shape
  • Have a fixed volume
  • Cannot be compressed
• Particles in a liquid

  • Are not fixed
  • Roll over and around each other
• Liquids


  • Do not have a fixed shape
  • Have an unchanging volume
  • Can be slightly compressed
• Particles in a gas

  • Move around freely
  • Have high kinetic energy
• Gases


  • Do not have a fixed shape
  • Expand or compress to fill their container
• Showing particle movement in diagrams

  1. Add arrows to show rolling/tumbling in liquids

  2. Add tails to show high speed movement in gases
• Solid matter


  • Particles are tightly packed together
  • Particles are not free to move about or slide past each other
• Heating ice


  1. Ice changes into water

  2. Melting
• Liquid matter


  • Particles are less tightly packed together
  • Particles are free to slide past each other
• Liquids will spread out to take the shape of the container they are in
• The volume of a liquid stays the same when poured from one container to another
• Heating water


  1. Water changes into water vapor

  2. Evaporating
• Gaseous matter


  • Particles are able to move about freely
• Gases can change in both shape and volume
• As water vapor leaves the beaker, it will spread out to fill the room