AO3

• has significant real-world effects eg amplifying and validating damaging stereotypes
• Goddard issued IQ tests to immigrants as they arrived in US and claimed the majority of Russians, Jews, Hungarians and Italians were 'feeble minded' (although he failed to point out that many of the tests he set required an understanding of english) showing researchers often fail to acknowlegde the in-built cultural bias in IQ tests
• psychologists are more open-minded than before, eg international psychology conferences increase the exchange of ideas between psychologists which has helped to reduce ethnocentrism and enabled a more nuanced understanding and appreciation of cultural relativism
• this heightened awareness of cultural diversity has led to the development of 'indigenous psychologies' - theories drawing explicitly of people in different cultural contexts