Lundberg

• Procedure

  • Compared two different groups of passengers on the same train
  • The train journey lasted 72 minutes in totals

  1 - High-density group (more passengers in a carriage)

  2 - Low-density group (less passengers in a carriage)

  • Passengers who got on the train first were considered the low density group because the train got more busy as it continued through it's journey
• Results

  • Stress was measured through the levels of adrenaline in the participant's urine
  • On average the more crowded the train was the more adrenaline was in the urine. This suggests that overcrowding does cause stress