Week one

• Abnoramity: sometimes clear (like Schizophrenia) most times hard to define, (like Personality disorders) and the target is moving
• Abnormal: thinking, feeling, or behaviour that impair an individual
• Psychopathology : scientific study of psychological abnormality
• Statistically Abnormality: Deviations from the average (+ or - 2) Extreme but not necessarily "bad"
• Distressed Abnormality: works for those with anxiety, but not for those with manic
• Impaired Abnormality: works for those who are socially impaired but not with delusional disorders
• Violation of Cultural Norms: how well a person adapts to society, but that means it's abnormal to us might not be in another place or culture
• Effect of Time: Time can change how we view a disorder
• Expert Abnormality: it is what experts deem as abnormal
• No Abnormality: Thomas Szasz believes that no one has Mental Illness
• Irrationality or Unpredictability is what defines Abnormal
• DSM 5 Definition: A mental Disorder is a syndrome (disorder w/name and criteria)
• Polythetic: many sometimes uncommon definitions which you must hit the minimum amount to be diagnosed
• Etiology: Biological cause of a disease or condition
• Interrater Reliability: agreement by experts about a diagnosis
• Epidemiology - the study of the distribution of diseases, disorders or health-related behaviors in a given population
• • Prevalence – the number of active cases in a population during an given period of time
• lifetime - over the course of a lifetime
• Point - right here and now, 1 in 1000 people
• 4 most likely disorders are: Major Depressive, Alcohol, specific phobia, and social phobia
• Presenting Problems is the reason why patents came in for get help
• Chronic Course: long lasting illness
• Episodic Course: reoccurring events of the disorder
• Time-Limited Course: A disorder which will improve quickly with treatment
• Roman physician Galen believed that "humors" being out of balance is what made the body sick
• John P Gray believed that all psychological disorders had a physical reason for sickness
• Psychosocial: The social factor of psychological infulence
• Moral Therapy suggested that treatments should involve treating patients as normally as possible
• Dorothea Dix: lead the Mental Hygiene movement which strove for better conditions in Assylums
• Anton Mesmer was a early therapist who "healed" his patients with hypnotise
• Josef Breuer along with Sigmund Freud came up with the term Catharsis after patients under hypnosis would feel relief after talking about their traumas
• id: the aggressive urges and instinctual drives, it's goal is pleasure
• Ego: Is the logical and rational, it's goal is to ensure we act properally
• Superego: Moral or conscience, its goal is to ensure we don't do something that would conflict with our morals
• Psychoanalytical: the theory that suggests that most of your issues as adults go back to trauma from your childhood, mostly that of sexual trauma
• Humanist: the theory that as humans, life is about becoming the best person we can be, despite our past
• Self-actualization happens when we have the space, we can grow properally
• In Person-centered therapy, the therapist takes a backseat role and is just there to help the individual understand what they are feeling and thinking
• Behaviourist Model: the belief that learning happens purely due to stimulus and association
• Levels of Consciousness: Conscious, Preconscious, and Unconscious