topic 1

• Boring argues that intelligence represents whatever particular intelligence test was being used at the time
• Spearman argues mental ability could be understood as a single genetic factor called g. it was responsible for 50% of the variance found in scores.
• Caroll founded the three-stratum model. stratum 1 had 70 narrow abilities then stratum 2 had broad abilities (fluid intelligence) and stratum 3 was g factor.
• Halpern found differences between male and females. females perform better in verbal fluency and males perform better in mental rotation tasks. both achieve similar IQ scores though.
• Scarr and Weinberg compared intellectual abilities of parents, adopted and biological children. stronger correlations found between biological than adopted relatives.
• Leeuwen aimed to measure the influence of assortative mating, cultural transmission and GE interaction. also why spouses have similar intelligence scores.
• Leeuwen's sample was 112 families 103 had siblings. the mean age of the twins was 9.1 years old.
• Leeuwen's study the children completed ravens standard progressive matrices at their own pace. this included 60 problems divided into 5 sets of 12 questions.
• Leeuwen's study the adults completed ravens advanced progressive matrices at their own pace.
• phenotypic assortment is when people choose one another because of similar intelligence levels. social homogamy is the idea people with similar intelligence are clustered together
• the results found cultural transmission had no effect on IQ.
• phenotypic assortment better explains assortative mating.
• environmental factors are most important in children genetically predisposed to low IQ.
• the colour progressive matrices is given to 4-7 year olds with mental or physical disabilities.