ANAPHY (part1)

• The skeletal system is composed of bones, cartilages, ligaments, tendons, joints, and the thoracic cage.
• Bones are hard structures that protect organs, support soft tissues, store minerals, produce blood cells, and allow movement.
• Endocrine Glands :

  • Pituitary Glands
  • Parathyroid Glands
  • Thyroid Glands
  • Adrenals
  • Thymus
  • Pancreas
  • Pineal
  • Ovaries (female)
  • Testes (male)
• Digestive Organs :

  • Oral Cavity
  • Esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Small Intestine
  • Large Intestine
  • Rectum
• Anatomy is the study of the structure, or physical form, of the body.
• The term anatomy, derived from the Greek words meaning to cut (tomy) apart (ana).
• Anatomy is the study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts and their relationships to one another.
• Whenever we look at our own body or study large body structures such as the heart or bones, we are observing gross anatomy; that is, we are studying large, easily observable structures.
• Microscopic anatomy, in contrast, is the study of body structures that are too small to be seen with the naked eye. The cells and tissues of the body can only be seen through a microscope
• Physiology is the study of how the body and its parts work or function.
• ( physio = nature; ology = the study of).
• Anatomy refers to the internal and external structures of the body and their physical relationships, whereas physiology refers to the study of the functions of those structures.
• Four basic tissue type

  1. Connective Tissue
  2. Epithelial Tissue
  3. Muscle Tissue
  4. Nervous Tissue
• Tissues consist of groups of similar cells that have a common function.
• Atoms, tiny building blocks of matter, combine to form molecules such as water, sugar, and proteins.
• Molecules, in turn, associate in specific ways to form microscopic cells.
• Cells, the smallest units of all living things.
• Tissues consist of groups of similar cells that have a common function.
• An organ is a structure composed of two or more tissue types that performs a specific function for the body.
• An organ system is a group of organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose. For example, the heart and blood vessels of the cardiovascular system circulate blood continuously to carry nutrients and oxygen to all body cells.
• In all, 11 organ systems make up the living human being, or the organism, which represents the highest level of structural organization, the organismal level.
• Chemical level

  • Atoms combine to form molecules.
• Cellular Level

  • Cells are made up of molecules.
• Tissue level

  • Tissues consist of similar types of cells.
• Organ level

  • Organs are made up of different types of tissues.
• Organ system level

  • Organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely.
• Organismal level

  • Human organisms are made up of many organ systems
• Organismal level

  • Human organisms are made up of many organ systems
• Organ system level

  • Organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely.
• Organ level

  • Organs are made up of Organ system level different types of tissues.
• Tissue level

  • Tissues consist of similar types of cells.
• Cellular Level

  • Cells are made up of molecules.
• Chemical level

  • Atoms combine to form molecules.
• The integumentary system is the external covering of the body, or the skin, including the hair and fingernails.
• Integumentary System

  -It waterproofs the body and cushions and protects the deeper tissues from injury. With the help of sunlight, it produces vitamin D.
• Integumentary System

  • It also excretes salts in perspiration and helps regulate body temperature. Sensory receptors located in the skin alert us to what is happening at the body surface
• Skeletal System

  • It supports the body and provides a framework that the skeletal muscles use to cause movement. It also has protective functions (for example, the skull encloses and protects the brain), and the cavities of the skeleton are the sites where blood cells are formed
• Skeletal System

  The hard substance of bones acts as a storehouse for minerals.
• Muscular System

  • The muscles of the body have only one function— to contract, or shorten. When this happens, movement occurs.
• Muscular System

  
  

  The mobility of the body as a whole reflects the activity of skeletal muscles, the large, fleshy muscles attached to bones.