Clinical and Counseling Psychology

• branch of psychology that primary focus on the prevention,

  diagnosis, and treatment of abnormal behavior (longer term)

  clinical psychology
• branch of psychology that is concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of abnormal behavior (everyday life)

  counseling psychology
• level of psychological and physical performance prior to the development of a disorder, an illness, or a disability

  premorbid functioning
• the rate (annual, monthly, weekly, daily, or other) of new occurrences of a particular disorder or condition in a particular population

  incidence
• approximate proportion of individuals in a given population at a given point (or range) in time who have been diagnosed or otherwise labeled with a particular disorder or condition.

  prevalence
• conceptualized mental disorder as a “harmful dysfunction.” For him, a disorder is a harmful failure of internal mechanisms to perform their naturally selected functions.

  Jerome Wakefield
• argued that “proper evolutionary function” is not known and that behavior labeled “disordered” may be the product of various involuntary causes

  Klein
• multidisciplinary approach that includes exploration of relevant biological, psychological, social, cultural, and environmental variables for evaluating how such variables may have contributed to the development of a presenting problem.

  biopsychosocial assessment
• the belief that what happens in life is largely beyond a person’s control;

  fatalism
• confidence in one’s own ability to accomplish a task

  self efficacy
• expressions of understanding, acceptance, empathy, love, advice, guidance, care, concern, or trust from friends, family, community caregivers

  social support
• an agreement between client and therapist setting forth goals, expectations, and mutual obligations with regard to a course of therapy.

  therapeutic contract
• any interview where one objective is to place the interviewee in a pressured state for some particular reason.

  stress interview
• one conducted while the interviewee is under hypnosis. it may be conducted as part of a therapeutic assessment or intervention when the interviewee has been an eyewitness to a crime or related situations

  hypnotic interview
• rapport is established and the interviewee is encouraged to use imagery and focused retrieval to recall information.

  cognitive interview
• allows the interviewee wide latitude to interact with the

  interviewer

  collaborative interview
• used to screen for intellectual, emotional, and neurological deficits, typically includes questioning or observation with respect to each area

  mental status examination
• the most widely used test to measure the severity of depression

  Beck Depression Inventory ll
• a 175-item true–false test that yields scores related to enduring personality features as well as acute symptoms

  Millon Clinical Multiaxial-lll
• consists of 20 items, although shorter versions of the scale have been developed as screening tools for depression


  Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CES-D)
• approach to evaluation that is responsive to issues of acculturation, values, identity, worldview, language, and other culture-related variables as they may impact the evaluation process or the

  interpretation of resulting data

  culturally informed psychological assessment
• proposed the term adressing


  Pamela Hays
• age, disability, religion, ethnicity, social status, sexual orientation, indigenous heritage, national origin, and gender.

  ADRESSING
• This scale was originally constructed to aid in differentiating alcoholic from nonpsychiatric patients.

  MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale
• recovery from drug addiction has itself been conceptualized as a socially mediated process of _ that can result in a new sense of identity

  reacculturation
• the theory and application of psychological evaluation and measurement in a legal context.

  forensic psychological assessment
• may include a history of previous attempts to commit the act, drug/alcohol abuse, and unemployment

  risk factors
• a duty that overrides the privileged communication between psychologist and client.

  duty to warn
• has to do largely with a defendant’s ability to understand the

  charges against him and assist in his own defense.

  competence to stand in trial
• had to do with clinical judgments regarding the defendant’s ability to understand the charges and relevant legal procedures.

  factual criteria
• focused more on clinical judgments concerning the defendant’s ability to communicate with counsel and make informed decisions.

  inferential criteria
• this test of sanity is used in England as well as in a number of jurisdictions in the United States

  M’Naghten standard.
• another standard of legal insanity, set forth by the American Law Institute (ALI) in 1956, has become one of the most widely used throughout the United States

  Durham Standard
• a systematic and empirical approach to insanity evaluations. this instrument consists of 25 items tapping both psychological and

  situational variables

  Rogers Criminal Responsibility Assessment Scale (RCRAS)
• developed a 22-item Psychopathy Checklist (PCL) that reflects

  personality characteristics as rated by the assessor (such as callousness, impulsiveness, and empathy) in addition to prior history as gleaned from the assessee’s records 


  Robert Hara
• a term sometimes used synonymously with mental suffering, pain and suffering, and emotional harm

  emotional injury
• crime-solving process that draws upon psychological and criminological expertise applied to the study of crime scene evidence

  profiling
• a psychological assessment of parents or guardians and their parental capacity and/or of children and their parental needs and preferences

  custody evaluation
• which are dolls with accurately represented genitalia.

  anatomically detailed dolls
• has demonstrated impressive validity in identifying abusers

  Child Abuse Potential Inventory