11-12

• an organizational structure

  in which the entire organization is made up of

  work teams

  Team Structure
• an organizational structure

  that assigns specialists from different

  functional departments to work on one or

  more projects

  Matrix Structure
• an organizational

  structure in which employees continuously

  work on projects

  Project Structure
• an organization

  whose design is not defined by, or limited to,

  the horizontal, vertical, or external boundaries

  imposed by a predefined structure

  Boundaryless Organization
• an organization that

  consists of a small core of full-time employees

  and outside specialists temporarily hired as

  needed to work on projects.

  Virtual Organization
• an organization that

  uses its own employees to do some work

  activities and networks of outside suppliers to

  provide other needed product components or

  work processes.

  Network Organization
• an organization that

  has developed the capacity to continuously

  learn, adapt, and change

  Learning Organization
• a work team composed of individuals from various functional specialties.

  Cross-functional team
• a temporary committee or team formed to tackle a specific short-term problem affecting several departments.

  Task force (or ad hoc committee)
• groups of people who share a concern, a set of problems, or a passion about a topic, and who deepen their knowledge and expertise in that area by interacting on an ongoing basis.

  Communities of practice
• opening up the search for new ideas beyond the organization’s boundaries and allowing innovations to easily transfer inward and outward.

  Open innovation
• collaborative relationships between two or more organizations in which they combine their resources and capabilities for some business purpose.

  Strategic partnerships
• a work arrangement in which employees work at home and are linked to the workplace by computer.

  Telecommuting
• a workweek where employees work longer hours per day but fewer days per week

  Compressed workweek
• a scheduling system in which employees are required to work a specific number of hours a week but are free to vary those hours within certain limits.

  Flextime (or flexible work hours)
• the practice of having two or more people split a full-time job.

  Job sharing
• temporary, freelance, or contract workers whose employment is contingent upon demand for their services.

  Contingent workers
• work practices that lead to both high individual and high organizational performance

  High-performance work practices
• an organization that represents workers and seeks to protect their interests through collective bargaining

  Labor union
• organizational programs that enhance the status of members of protected groups

  Affirmative Action
• groups of nominated or elected employees who must be consulted when management makes decisions involving personnel

  Work councils
• employees who sit on a company’s board of directors and represent the interests of the firm’s employees

  Board representatives
• ensuring that the organization has the right number and kinds of capable people in the right places and at the right times

  Human resource planning
• an assessment that defines jobs and the behaviors necessary to perform them

  Job analysis
• a written statement that describes a job

  Job description
• a written statement of the minimum qualifications that a person must possess to perform a given job successfully

  Job specification
• locating, identifying, and attracting capable applicants

  Recruitment
• reducing an organization’s workforce

  Decruitment
• screening job applicants to ensure that the most appropriate candidates are hired

  Selection
• a preview of a job that provides both positive and negative information about the job and the company

  Realistic Job Preview (RJP)
• introducing a new employee to his or her job and the organization

  Orientation
• establishes performance standards that are used to evaluate employee performance

  Performance management system
• a pay system that rewards employees for the job skills they can demonstrate

  Skill-based pay
• a pay system in which an individual’s compensation is contingent on performance

  Variable pay
• the planned elimination of jobs in an organization

  Downsizing
• any unwanted action or activity of a sexual nature that explicitly or implicitly affects an individual’s employment, performance, or work environment

  Sexual harassment
• benefits that accommodate employees’ needs for work–life balance

  Family-friendly benefits