PE Paper 2 Definitions

• amateure


  Takes park in an activity as a hobby, rather than or financial gain

  Takes part for fun
• Arousal


  A physical and mental (physiological and physiological) state of alertness/readiness, varying from deep sleep to intense excitement/alertness.
• closed season


  period of rest to recuperate

  players doing gentle aerobic exercise to maintain general fitness

  fully rested and ready for pre-season training
• closed skill


  A skill which is not affected by the environment or performers within it. The skill tends to be done the same way each time.
• commercialisation


  To manage or exploit (an organisation, activity, etc) in a way designed to make a profit. The specification refers to commercialised activity as being sponsorship and the media only.
• Competition season (peak)


  It is defined as: • playing season • taking part in matches every week • maintenance of fitness related to the activity but not too much training as it may cause fatigue, which would decrease performance • concentration on skills/set plays to improve team performance.
• Contract to compete


  Unwritten agreement to follow and abide by the written and unwritten rules.
• Ectomorph


  A somatotype characterised by being tall and thin. Individuals with narrow shoulders and narrow hips. E.G. basketball, high jump
• Endomorph


  A somatotype, characterised by a pear shaped body/fatness. Individuals with wide hips and narrow shoulders.
• Eternally paced skill


  The skill is started because of an external factor. The speed, rate or pace of the skill is controlled by external factors, eg an opponent
• Extrinsic feedback


  Received from outside of the performer, eg from a coach.
• Feedback


  Information a performer receives about their performance. Feedback can be given during and/or after a performance.
• Gamesmanship


  Attempting to gain an advantage by stretching the rules to their limit, eg time

  wasting.
• S in SMART goals

  specific - specific to the demands of the sport/muscles used/movements

  used
• Performance goals


  Personal standards to be achieved.

  Performers compare themselves against what they have already done or suggest

  what they are going to do. There is no comparison with other performers.
• M in SMART goals

  measureable - it must be possible to measure whether they have been

  met
• A in smart goals

  accepted - they must be accepted by the performer and others involved,

  eg coach
• R in smart goals

  realistic - they are actually possible to complete
• T in smart goals

  time bound - over a set period of time.
• Guidence


  Guidance methods:

  visual (seeing)

  verbal (hearing)

  manual (assist movement - physical)

  mechanical (use of objects/aids).
• Hooliganism


  Disorderly, aggressive and often violent behaviour by spectators at sporting

  events
• Home field advantage


  Gaining an advantage in a sporting event from being in familiar surroundings,

  with the majority of the spectators supporting you.
• Indirect aggression


  Aggression which does not involve physical contact. The aggression is taken out on an object to gain advantage, e.g. hitting a tennis ball hard during a rally.
• Information processing


  Making decisions. Gathering data from the display (senses), prioritising the most

  important stimuli to make a suitable decision
• Introvert


  A quiet, passive, reserved, shy personality type, usually associated with individual

  sports performance.
• Kinaesthetic feedback


  It's a type of intrinsic feedback, received via receptors in the muscles. Sensations

  that are felt by the performer, providing information from movement.
• Level playing field


  The same for all competitors.
• Masculinity


  Displaying masculine (male) stereotypical behaviour.
• media


  Diversified technologies which act as the main means of mass communication.

  printed media (eg newspapers)

  broadcast media (eg TV and radio)

  internet/social media (eg Facebook)

  outdoor media (eg billboards)
• Mental health and well-being


  A state of well-being in which every individual realises his/her own potential, can

  cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is

  able to make a contribution to her or his community (as per WHO). It works in

  conjunction with physical and social health.
• Mental rehearsal/visualisation/imagery


  Cognitive relaxation techniques involving control of mental thoughts and

  imagining positive outcomes.
• Mesomorph


  A somatotype, characterised by a muscular appearance. Individuals with wide

  shoulders and narrow hips.
• Motivation


  The drive to succeed or the desire (want) to achieve something/to be inspired to

  do something
• intrinsic motivation


  the drive that comes from within (eg for pride, satisfaction, a

  sense of accomplishment, self-worth)
• extrinsic motivation


  the drive to perform well or to win in order to gain external

  rewards (eg prizes, money, praise).
• Open skill


  A skill which is performed in a certain way to deal with a changing or unstable

  environment, eg to outwit an opponent.
• Physical health and well-being


  All body systems working well, free from illness and injury. Ability to carry out

  everyday tasks. It works in conjunction with social and mental health.
• Positive self-talk


  Developing cognitive positive thoughts about your own performance.
• qualitative data


  More of a subjective than an objective appraisal. Involving opinions relating to

  the quality of a performance rather than the quantity (eg score, placing,

  number)
• Quantitative data


  A measurement which can be quantified as a number, eg time in seconds or

  goals scored. There is no opinion expressed (qualitative). It is a fact.