something that only contains one compound or element throughout
how can you test the purity of a substance sample
measuring its melting and boiling point and comparing it to melting and boiling point of other pure substances, the closer your measured value is to the actual melting or boiling point the purer your sample is
what will impurities in your sample do to the melting and boiling point
increase it
what are formulations
usefulmixtures with a precisepurpose that are made following a ‘formula’
what are paint formulations made out of
pigment, solvent, binder, additives
what is pigment
gives the colour
what is solvent
used to dissolve other components and alter viscosity
what is a binder
forms a film that holds pigment in place
what is the additives
added to further change the physical and chemical properties
why are formulations important in the pharmaceutical industry
chemists can make sure that drugs are transported to the right part of the body at the correct concentration, that its consumable and has a long shelf life
where can formulations be found in everyday life
cleaning products, fuels, cosmetics, fertilisers, metal alloys, food and drink
what is chromatography
an analytical method used to separate the substance in a mixture
what is the mobile phase
where molecules can move, liquid or gas
what is the stationary phase
where molecules can’t move, solid or really thick liquid
what will a pure substance only ever do in chromatography
form one spot on the paper
during chromatography what constantly happens
the substance moves through the mobile and stationary phase so that an equilibrium is formed
what is the stationary phase in chromatography
the chromatography paper
what is the mobile phase chromatography
the solvent
what does the amount of time the molecules spend in each phase depend on
-how soluble they are
-how attracted they are to the paper
what is the Rf values equation
distance travelled by substance/distance travelled by solvent