3-C

• Pre-colonial Land Ownership

  • Ownership belongs to those who live in the community
  • Datu- best lands reserved for. Approves permission on location of settlement by villagers.
  • Fertile lands can be abandoned when it becomes unproductive for farming. 
• What was implemented during spaniards colonization?

  Regalian Doctrine
• They do not own the land but they are trustee. It is a reward for helping in the maintaining peace of the island.

  Encomenderos
• During spaniards colonization, Lands are belonged to the King and given to ENCOMENDEROS
• Encomienda grants only up to 3 generations after which lands are reverted back to the government.
• GRANTING OF LAND

  1. Individuals who have done something honorable to the government
  2. Religious Orders for evangelical activities.
• Provided money to Spaniards during the British invasion of Manila while others sided the British. He was granted the Marikina up to eastern Manila.

  Chinese Son Tua
• Remained loyal to Spain during the 1660 Maniago Rebellion. He was granted the area of Arayat to Bataan


  Juan Makapagal
• Expelled from Philippines (1768) lost their lands.


  Jesuits
• They maintained land holding up to end of Spanish Colonization

  Franciscans, Recollects, Augustinians, and Dominicans
• It is as shops rented out to tenants

  Mayhaligue (tondo)
• What are the Dominican Haciendas?

  San Pedro, Binan, Santa Rosa, and Calamba
• This order states that land are used for agricultural and business

  Dominican Order
• Dominican Order Income from Lands

  1. Support Dominican Institutions
  2. Support Dominican Mission in the Philippines, China and other countries.
• What are the three institutions that the Dominican Order Income supports?

  1. University of Santo Tomas
  2. Colegio de San Juan de Letran
  3. Hospital de San Gabriel
• Primary tenants who are dominantly mestizos and were managers than farmers of haciendas. They hire sharecroppers (kasamas)

  Inquilinos
• tenant farmers, they do the actual cultivation of land

  Kasamas
• the kasama pays 1/3 of his produce while supplying all needs of production

  terciahan (70/30)
• where Kasama share needs of production with Inquilino.

  50/50
• Most of the time borrow from Inquilino, pays interest (ex: borrow 1 cavan of palay, pays 2 cavans)

  Kasamas
• Kasama is indebted to the Inquilino, the Inquilino indebted to the landlord.
• wait for harvests and collect rents.

  Landlords
• Kasama is bound to the land and indebted.
• TRUE OR FALSE

  Farmers does most of the work, exploited by the primary tenants and landlords.

  TRUE
• Married to Teodora.

  Francisco Engracio Mercado
• Calamba is originally owned by Jesuits Order but reverted to the government when they were expelled from the Philippines in 1768
• Calamba

  • Public auction and Jose Azanza won the bidding managed Calamba until 1831 but was forced to sell to the Dominican during financial difficulty.
  • 2000 hectares from boundaries of Binan, Santa Rosa to Mt Makiling
• Dominicans leased 500 hectares land to Francisco Engracio Mercado (Inquilino)
• Bahay na Bato in Plaza Calamba Mercado became one of the local principalia
• She owns a store and preserved meat production

  Teodora
• Eldest son of Mercado and Teodora, assists in the farmlands

  Paciano
• Mercado family’s rent was not required for the 1st 5 years, will only pay 15 pesos instead of the usual 25 pesos
• PACIANO

  • eldest son of Mercado and Teodora, assists in the farmlands
  • graduated Bachelor of Arts in Colegio de San Juan de Letran
  • leased additional lands from Dominican in Pansol
  • wrote to Jose Rizal (1883) to “refrain from upsetting the Friars because they were very kind to the family”
• 1872- Teodora accused of accomplice to a murder.
• Teodra walked 30 km from Calamba to Santa Cruz Provincial capitol.
• Rizal was able to enrol in 2 courses at the same time (preparatory course to medicine, first year medicine proper.
• When did Rizal returns to the Philippines from Europe?

  1887
• Not to pay rent to the Dominicans unless they show proof of ownership of the hacienda.

  Felipe Buencamino
• When did Rizal left Calamba for Europe?

  1888