Respiration

• What is aerobic respiration?

  An exothermic reaction in which glucose reacts with oxygen to release energy, this is used by cells
• What is the equation for aerobic respiration?

  Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water
• Where does aerobic respiration take place?

  Mitochondria
• Why do organism require the energy released by respiration?

  Synthesis of large molecules

  Muscle contraction

  Maintaining body temperature
• What is anaerobic respiration?

  An exothermic reaction where glucose is broken down to release energy in the absence of oxygen
• What is the equation for anaerobic respiration? (In animals)

  Glucose -> Lactic acid + (energy)
• Why is anaerobic respiration less efficient than aerobic?

  Glucose is not entirely broken down, so less energy is transferred
• Why can anaerobic respiration lead to muscle fatigue?

  Lactic acid builds up in muscles, preventing efficient contraction
• What is oxygen debt?

  The amount of oxygen needed to convert lactic acid back into glucose after anaerobic respiration
• What is fermentation?

  A type of anaerobic respiration that occurs in yeast cells
• What is the equation for fermentation?

  Glucose -> Ethanol + Carbon dioxide
• Why is fermentation important in the economy?

  Used for the production of bread and alcohol
• What are the differences between anaerobic and aerobic respiration?

  Aerobic requires oxygen; anaerobic does not

  Aerobic produces carbon dioxide and water; anaerobic produces lactic acid (in animals)

  Aerobic transfers a greater amount of energy
• What changes take place when muscular activity increases in the body?

  Heart rate increases - Increases the oxygenated blood pumped around the body

  Breathing rate increases - To get more oxygen into the blood
• How is lactic acid transported away from the muscles?

  Blood flow through the muscles transports lactic acid to the liver, where it's oxidised back to glucose
• What is metabolism?

  Sum of all the reactions that take place in the body
• Give examples of metabolic reactions

  Glycerol and fatty acids into lipids

  Glucose into starch (plants), glycogen (animal), cellulose (plants)

  Glucose and nitrate ions into amino acids

  Photosynthesis

  Respiration