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PAPER 1
B4 - Bioenergetics
Respiration
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Rhiyah Kumari
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What is anaerobic respiration?
An
exothermic
reaction where
glucose
is broken down to release
energy
in the
absence
of
oxygen
What is cellular respiration?
A series of
chemical
reactions
that release / transfer
energy
from
glucose
Occurs
continuously
in all
living
cells
Exothermic
reaction
Describe how energy released in respiration is used
Chemical
reactions
to build
larger
molecules
(eg. metabolism)
Keeping
warm
(birds and mammals only)
Movement
eg. muscle
contraction
in animals
State the word equation for aerobic respiration
Glucose
+
Oxygen
->
Carbon Dioxide
+
Water
(Occurs in
mitochondria
)
State word equations for anaerobic respiration in animals, plants and yeast
ANIMALS: Glucose -> Lactic
Acid
PLANTS + YEAST: Glucose -> Ethanol + Carbon
Dioxide
(Occurs in
cytoplasm
)
Compare the processes of aerobic and anaerobic respiration
Complete Table (Start with Aerobic) ->
A)
Oxygen
B)
Glucose
C)
Complete
D)
High
E)
CO2
F)
Water
G)
Oxygen
H)
Incomplete
I)
Low
J)
Lactic Acid
K)
Ethanol
L)
CO2
12
Explain the economic importance of anaerobic respiration in yeast
Fermentation
(
anaerobic
respiration in
yeast
) is used in...
Production of
bread
→
CO2
makes dough
rise
Production of
alcoholic
drinks
→
ethanol
is a type of
alcohol
Explain how the body reacts to increased energy demand during exercise
Increased
heart
rate
→ increased
blood
flow
to
muscles
/
lungs
Increased
breathing
rate
and
volume
→ more
air
/
oxygen
enters
lungs
To supply
more
blood
containing more
oxygen
(and glucose) to
muscles
For more
aerobic
respiration to release
energy
/ to reduce
anaerobic
respiration &
lactic
acid
build up
What happens when muscles are supplied with insufficient oxygen?
Anaerobic respiration → oxidation of glucose is incomplete
Causing a buildup of
lactic
acid
which causes:
Oxygen
debt
Muscles
become
fatigued
and stop
contracting
efficiently
(if activity
long
/
vigorous
)
What is oxygen debt?
Amount of
extra
oxygen
the body needs after
exercise
to
react
with
lactic
acid
and
remove
it from
cells
What is the role of the liver in recovering from vigorous exercise?
Blood
flowing through
muscles
transports
lactic
acid
to the
liver
Where it is converted back to
glucose
What is metabolism?
Sum
of all
chemical
reactions
in a
cell
or the
body
How else do cells use energy transferred by respiration?
To continually carry out
enzyme-controlled
processes of
metabolism
that synthesise
new
molecules
Give examples of metabolic reactions
Complete the table ->
A)
Glucose
B)
Starch
C)
plant
D)
glycogen
E)
animal
F)
cellulose
G)
cell walls
H)
1 glycerol
I)
3 fatty acid
J)
lipid
K)
Glucose
L)
nitrate ions
M)
amino acids
N)
proteins
O)
respiration
P)
excess proteins
Q)
urea
R)
excretion
18
Plants convert glucose into starch, and
animals convert glucose into glycogen.
Explain why this is necessary. (2)
Both
storage
molecules
Converted
back
to
glucose
when energy needed
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